Back | Table | Feedback
Plant invasiveness is determined by evaluating a plant’s biological and ecological characteristics against criteria that encompass establishment requirements, growth rate and competitive ability, methods of reproduction, and dispersal mechanisms.
Each characteristic, or criterion, is assessed against a list of intensity ratings. Depending upon information found, a rating of Low, Medium Low, Medium High or High is assigned to that criterion. Where no data is available to answer a criterion, a rating of medium (M) is applied. A description of the invasiveness criteria and intensity ratings used in this process can be viewed here. |
Question | Comments | Reference | Rating |
Establishment | |||
Germination requirements? | Seeds and bulbs germinate in autumn. | P & C (1992) | MH |
Establishment requirements? | Occurs in woodlands and ‘shady places’. | Carr et al (1992) Tutin et al (1980) | MH |
How much disturbance is required? | Establishes in minor disturbed ecosystems (e.g. riparian, wetlands & woodlands), and pastures. | Carr et al (1992) P & C (1992) | MH |
Growth/Competitive | |||
Life form? | Bulbous perennial herb. Geophyte. | P & C (1992) | ML |
Allelopathic properties? | None described. | ![]() | L |
Tolerates herb pressure? | Consumed – response unknown. However, probably recovers quickly as it is noted as being z’ a very persistent weed which may take some time and intensive effort to completely eradicate”. (NCC). | ![]() | MH |
Normal growth rate? | Does not compete strongly with crops and improved pastures. Can completely smother and replace native ground cover vegetation. | P & C (1992) NCC | MH |
Stress tolerance to frost, drought, w/logg, sal. etc? | Tolerant of water logging (occurs on poorly drained soils along watercourses). Also, assumed tolerant of frosts (occurs on slopes of Great Dividing Range and the Dandenong Ranges). | P & C (1992) | ML |
Reproduction | |||
Reproductive system | Reproducing by seeds and bulbs. | P & C (1992) | H |
Number of propagules produced? | Probably < 50 seeds produced by each small bulb. (See picture Hyde-Wyatt & Morris 1980 and O’Neill 1962). | Hyde-Wyatt (1980) O’Neil (1962) | L |
Propagule longevity? | ? | ![]() | M |
Reproductive period? | Provides a complete ground cover in some areas. - forms monocultures. | P & C (1992) | H |
Time to reproductive maturity? | Year one - Seeds germinate. Year two - Bulbs germinate. Year three - Seeds produced by bulbs. | P & C (1992) | ML |
Dispersal | |||
Number of mechanisms? | Agricultural produce, animals, machinery, vehicles, garden refuse and contaminated soil. Also insects and water. | P & C (1992) NCC (1992) | MH |
How far do they disperse? | ![]() | ![]() | MH |
Feedback
Do you have additional information about this plant that will improve the quality of the assessment?
If so, we would value your contribution. Click on the link to go to the feedback form.