Site NE37b

Property: Rutherglen Research Institute.
Paddock Number: PTD 2 (native grass).

Australian Soil Classification: Endohypersodic, Epipedal, Yellow VERTOSOL.
Northcote Factual Key: Ug 5.35.
Great Soil Group: Brown Clay.

General Landscape Description: This soil type resembles Type D which occurs on the puff component of gilgai microrelief. Red grass (Bothriochloa macra) commonly grows on the puff bank component of gilgai microrelief.

Soil Mapping Unit: Unit 2.

Site NE37b Landscape

Soil Profile Morphology:
Surface Soil
A1	0-10 cm	Brown (10YR4/3); light clay; rusty root channel mottling present; moderate medium polyhedral structure; contains very few (< 2%) manganese nodules (5-10 mm size); pH 5.9:	Site NE37b Profile
Subsoil
B21	10-25 cm	Brownish yellow (10YR6/6) with strong brown (7.5YR5/8) diffuse mottles; light medium clay; moderate medium polyhedral, parting to strong fine polyhedral structure; contains very few (1-2 %) ferromanganiferous nodules (2-5 mm size) [with many (up to 25%) ferromanganiferous and manganiferous nodules and a trace (< 2%) amount of quartz (2-4 mm size) gravel on the flanks of the puffs]; pH 6.3; clear change to:
B22	25-90 cm	Light brown (10YR6/3) with reddish yellow (10YR7/6) and dark red (2.5YR4/8) mottles; medium clay; moderate very coarse prismatic, parting to moderate coarse blocky structure; contains very few (2 %) ferromanganiferous nodules (2-4 mm size); pH 6.3; wavy change to:
B23	90-120 cm	Light brownish grey (10YR6/2) with brownish yellow (10YR6/8) mottles; heavy clay; rigid consistence dry; contains a few (5-10 %) manganese stains and very few (2 %) ferromanganiferous nodules; pH 7.9:
B24	120 cm+	Greyish brown (10YR5/2); heavy clay.

• Clay texture throughout the profile.
• Vertic properties.

	The surface horizon is moderately acid. The upper subsoil is slightly acid and the deeper subsoil becomes alkaline.		The surface soil is non-sodic. The upper subsoil is sodic and the deep subsoil is strongly sodic.
	Soluble salt levels are very low in the top metre of the soil profile. Levels become low at depths greater than 1 metre.		The clay content is high in the surface soil and increases in the upper subsoil.

• Plant available water capacity (PAWC) is considered to be medium (estimated at 130 mm) for the upper 90 cm of this soil profile. However, effective rooting depth will be restricted by the dense sodic subsoil below 25 cm depth. Plant available water capacity for the upper 25 cm of the soil profile is 45 mm.
  
  
• The soil profile displays strong vertic properties which indicates that significant shrinking and swelling occurs in drying and wetting cycles.
  

• The surface soil has a moderate inherent fertility (based on the sum of the exchangeable basic cations).
  
  
• The wilting point value (i.e. 12%) is higher than for any other site in this study. Therefore, plants at this site will be relatively less able to utilise light rains when the soil is reasonably dry.
  
  
• Tillage of clayey soils such as these should be avoided if the soil is in a moist-wet condition (i.e. wetter than the plastic limit). At such moisture conditions, tillage or excessive trafficking or overstocking can result in structural damage occurring (e.g. compaction, smearing). Ideally, tillage and trafficking should take place on clay soils when the soil is drier than the plastic limit, down to at least the tillage depth.
  

• The upper subsoil is marginally sodic but does not disperse. It is well structured, parting to medium-fine polyhedral peds. Root movement will be relatively unrestricted as a consequence.
  
  
• The deeper subsoil is sodic, dense and coarsely structured. This will result in restricted root and water movement.