Stockdale (Symbol: Sd)

EG221 | EG250 | EG251 | EG252 | Profile No. 49 (Aldrick, et al 1992) | Profile No. 51 (Aldrick et al, 1992) | Profile No. 52 (Aldrick et al, 1992) | Profile No. 63 (Aldrick et al, 1992)

Geology
Neogene (late Tertiary) alluvial sediments. The Tertiary sediments form the oldest ‘terraces’ and outwash fans from the uplands. As these sediments are derived from material higher in the mountains, their nature will depend on the rock types in the former upper catchment. There also will be changes in sediment size further down the depositional sequence. For example, the soils east of the Tambo River and south of the highway are mostly fine textured soils, with a sandy loam to fine sandy loam surface soil sharply separated from a medium to heavy clay subsoil at about 30 to 50 cm.

This early depositional sequence has been strongly dissected over time and sands, probably windblown from the many drainage lines, cover much of the area. Most of the soils are texture contrast soils, generally with medium clay subsoils occurring at around 30-50 cm, although some sub-soils are clayey sands and sandy clays. Almost invariably, the surface soils are acidic sands or sandy loams. Deep sands occur over about 30% of the area, except east of the Tambo River and south of the Highway, where the percentage of deep sand is probably less than 10%.

Landform
Rolling low hills. In the late Tertiary it is most likely the area was an alluvial plain but since then has been dissected and subject to periods of aridity, resulting in areas of deep sand cover. Where deep sands also occur, the area is mapped as the Stockdale with Munro map unit (Symbol: Sd/Mu).



Original vegetation
Lowland forest.

Soils
The soils of the Stockdale map unit are all texture contrast soils. The surface soils are strongly to moderately acidic and range from dark greyish brown loamy sands to sandy loams. Invariably they have a bleached subsurface soil. Brown medium to heavy clays occur at a variable depth, generally before 50 cm, typically with yellowish brown, grey or strong brown mottles. The sandy surface soils have a low nutrient and water holding capacity if the organic matter levels are low and are also prone to wind erosion (EG 221, EG 250, EG 251, and EG 252).

The Munro map unit is arbitrarily defined as when the depth of sand exceeds 1 m. If the sand is sufficiently deep, ‘coffee rock’ occurs in the subsoil (refer to landform description Munro site EG 220).

Previous maps and reports
This map unit is included within the Stockdale and Westbury Land Systems as described by Aldrick et al. (1992).

Land use
Much of the land covered in this report is cleared and used for grazing. East of Swan Reach and north-east of Lakes Entrance most of the land is covered by lowland forest.

Site EG221

Location: Lake Tyers	Geo. Ref.: 597000E 5812970N
Australian Soil Classification: Vertic, Subnatric, Brown SODOSOL	Sodic brown texture contrast soil
General landscape description: Undulating rises
Geology: Neogene sediments (Late Tertiary)
Site description: Simple upper slope 2% north east
Land use: Grazing
Native vegetation: Lowland forest
Map unit: Stockdale
This map unit will be renamed ‘Waygara’ in the Orbost map series

Soil profile morphology

Surface soil

A1	0 – 20/30 cm	Dark greyish brown (10YR4/2); sandy loam; weak medium (10 – 20 mm) polyhedral structure; firm moist; clear wavy change to:
A2	0/30 – 50/35 cm	Pale brown (10YR6/3) conspicuously bleached (10YR/8/1d); sandy loam or loamy sand; apedal, single grain; firm consistence dry; sharp change to:
Subsoil
B21	50/35 – 80 cm	Yellowish brown (10YR5/6); heavy clay; moderate coarse (20 – 50 mm) polyhedral structure; strong consistence, moist; diffuse change to:
B22	80 – 110 cm	Yellowish brown (10YR5/6) with greyish brown (10YR5/2) and increasing yellowish red (5YR5/6) mottles; heavy clay; moderate coarse (20 – 50 mm) lenticular structure; strong consistence moist.

Key profile features

• Strong texture contrast between the surface (A) horizons and the subsoil (B) horizons.
• Conspicuously bleached subsurface (A2) horizon.

Soil profile characteristics

	pH	Sodicity	Slaking	Dispersion Dry	Dispersion Remoulded
Surface soil (A1 horizon)	Moderately acid	Non-sodic	Water stable	Nil (2 hours), Nil (20 hours)	Nil (2 hours), Nil (20 hours)
Subsoil (B21 horizon)	Strongly acid	Sodic	Partial	Slight (2 hours), Slight (20 hours)	Nil (2 hours), Slight (20 hours)
Deeper subsoil (80-110 cm)	Strongly acid	Strongly sodic	Considerable	Nil (2 hours), Nil (20 hours)	Slight (2 hours), Slight (20 hours)

Horizon	Depth cm	Field texture	pH water	pH CaCl2	EC dS/m	Coarse sand %	Fine sand %	Silt %	Clay %	Field cap. % w/w	Wilt. point % w/w	PAW* water % w/w
A1	0-20/30	SL	5.9	4.6	0.06	43	29	11	8	12.9	5.7	7.2
A2	20/30-50/35	LS	5.3	4.1	<0.05	48	29	12	6	13.9	3.0	10.9
B21	50/35-80	HC	5.0	4.0	<0.05	12	14	13	59	39.2	22.3	16.9
B22	80-110	HC	5.4	4.4	<0.05	15	13	15	54	36.5	20.8	15.7

* PAW refers to plant available water. This is the difference between the soil’s water content at field capacity and wilting point.

Depth	OrgC#	Total N	Free Fe2O3	Exch. Al	Exchangeable cations cmol(+)/kg							Ca:Mg	ESP
cm	%	%	% w/w	ppm	Ca	Mg	K	Na	Total	H	CEC
0-20/30	2.9	0.16		22	3.3	1.3	1	0.27	5.9	10.0	15.9	2.6	2
20/30-50/35	0.57	<0.05		74	0.51	0.33	0.15	0.12	1.1	3.6	4.7	1.5	3
50/35-80	0.49	<0.05		530	0.67	5.6	0.51	1.3	8.1	13.0	21.1	0.1	6
80-110	0.37	<0.05		110	0.21	9.9	0.32	3.2	14	8.0	22.0	<0.1	15

# Organic carbon

Management considerations

Whole profile

• The plant available water capacity of the soil is considered to be low (estimated at 54 mm) for the top 50 cm of the soil profile.
• The subsoil is high in clay and coarsely structured which will restrict root movement.

Surface (A) horizons

• The sand surface horizons are very well draining but have a low water storage capacity. The low wilting points (i.e. 5.7 and 3.0) indicate plants will be able to utilise light rains falling on dry soil. However, due to the low water storage capacity, plants will soon suffer moisture stress unless further rain occurs. Organic matter is an important source of nutrient holding capacity as well as enhancing water holding capacity in sandy soils.
• The sandy surface soil will also be prone to wind erosion if plant cover is removed where blow-outs can occur.
• The surface horizons have a moderate inherent fertility (based on the sum of the exchangeable cations).
• The surface soil is quite high in potassium and no response to potassium fertilisers would be expected.

Subsoil (B) horizon

• The dense and coarsely structured upper (B21) subsoil is sodic. This will restrict the downward movement of plant roots and water. The temporary build up of water on top of this less permeable layer may be beneficial for deeper-rooted plants as it prevents deep drainage of water away from plant roots.
• Sodic subsoils are typically moderately to strongly dispersive, but here are slightly dispersive. This is because of the high exchangeable aluminium.
• The upper (B21) subsoil has a relatively moderate inherent fertility throughout (based on the sum of the exchangeable calcium, magnesium and potassium cations). The cations are dominated by exchangeable magnesium which may create nutrient imbalances.
• The level of soluble salts is low.

Site EG 250

Location: Flaggy Creek	Geo. Ref.: 542400E, 5821000N
Australian Soil Classification: Haplic, Mesotropic, Brown CHROMOSOL (Deep sandy)	Brown texture contrast soil
General landscape description: Undulating low hills
Geology: Neogene sediments
Site description: North-west slope of low rise (7%)
Land use: Grazing
Native vegetation: Lowland forest
Map unit: Stockdale with Munro complex

Soil profile morphology

Surface soil

A1	0-25 cm	Very dark grey (10YR3/1); loamy sand; weak medium sub-angular blocky; very weak consistence moderately moist; pH5.3; clear smooth change to:
A21	25-65 cm	Yellowish brown (10YR5/4) sand; single grain; very weak consistence moderately moist; pH5.5; clear smooth change to:
A22	65-85 cm	Light yellowish brown (10YR6/4); loamy sand; single grain; very weak consistence moist; many coarse ferruginous nodules; pH5.7; abrupt change to:
Subsoil
B2	85-120 cm	Strong brown (7.5YR5/6) with many coarse prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR4/6) and light yellowish brown (10YR6/5) mottles; medium clay with sand; weak medium angular blocky structure; firm consistence moderately moist; pH 5.5; gradual change to:
C	120-150+cm	Yellow (10YR7/6) with many coarse prominent light olive brown (2.5YR5/8) mottles; clayey sand; massive; firm consistence moderately moist; pH 5.3

Key profile features

• Abrupt texture contrast between the sand surface horizons (A horizons) and the clay subsoil (B horizon).
• Conspicuously bleached subsurface.

Soil profile characteristics

	pH	Sodicity	Slaking	Dispersion Dry	Dispersion Remoulded
Surface soil A1 horizon	Strongly acid	Non-sodic	Water stable	Nil (2 hours), Nil (20 Hours)	Nil (2 hours), Nil (20 Hours)
Subsurface A21 horizon	Moderately acid	Non-sodic	Considerable	Nil (2 hours), Nil (20 Hours)	Nil (2 hours), Nil (20 Hours)
Subsoil B2 horizon	Moderately acid	Non-sodic	Considerable	Nil (2 hours), Nil (20 Hours)	Nil (2 hours), Nil (20 Hours)

Horizon	Depth cm	Field texture	pH water	pH CaCl2	EC dS/m	Coarse sand %	Fine sand %	Silt %	Clay %	Field cap. % w/w	Wilt. point % w/w	PAW* water % w/w
A1	0-25	LS	5.5	4.2	0.06	32	56	4	5	13.2	5.1	8.1
A21	25-65	S	6.0	5.0	<0.05	30	58	5	6	12.3	2.6	9.7
A22	65-85	S	6.5	5.4	<0.05	29	58	5	8	11.9	2.8	9.1
B2	85-120	MC (S)	6.0	4.6	0.06	14	32	3	48	30.0	17.2	12.8
C	120-150	CS	5.6	4.4	0.06	20	51	9	18	19.9	9.0	10.9

* PAW refers to plant available water. This is the difference between the soil’s water content at field capacity and wilting point.

Depth	OrgC#	Total N	Free Fe2O3	Exch. Al	Exchangeable cations cmol(+)/kg							Ca:Mg	ESP
cm	%	%	% w/w		Ca	Mg	K	Na	Total	H	CEC
0-25	1.9	0.1		43	1.2	0.53	0.17	0.13	2.0	8.5	10.5	2.2	1
25-65	0.57	<0.05		27	0.67	0.29	0.08	0.08	1.1	4.1	5.2	2.3	2
65-85					0.49	0.59	0.11	0.14	1.3	3.2	4.5	0.8	3
85-120				120	0.18	4.9	0.09	0.68	5.9	8.7	14.6	0.4	5
120-150				150	0.05	1.9	<0.05	0.55	2.5	4.1	6.6	0.02	8

# Organic carbon

Management considerations

Whole profile

• The plant available water capacity of the soil is considered to be low (estimated at 58 mm) for the top 90 cm of the soil profile. A significant proportion of the plant available water will be held in the surface horizons (0-65 cm) with its higher organic matter levels.
• The subsoil is dense, high in clay and weakly structured which will restrict root movement.

Surface (A) horizons

• The surface (A1) horizon is strongly acid but the pastures are unlikely to show any response to lime.
• The sandy surface horizons are very well draining and have a low water storage capacity. The low wilting points (i.e. 5.1, 2.6 and 2.8 %) indicate plants will be able to utilise light rains falling on dry soil. However, due to the low water storage capacity, plants will soon suffer moisture stress unless further rain occurs. Organic matter is an important source of nutrient holding capacity as well as enhancing water holding capacity in sandy soils.
• The sandy surface soil will also be prone to wind erosion if plant cover is removed where blow-outs can occur.
• The surface horizons have a very low inherent fertility (based on the sum of the exchangeable cations).
• The soil is below deficiency level for potassium and a response to potassium fertilisers would be expected provided the phosphorus levels are adequate.

Subsoil (B) horizon

• The dense and coarsely structured upper (B21) subsoil is non-sodic and its high clay content will restrict the downward movement of plant roots and water. The temporary build up of water on top of this less permeable layer may be beneficial for deeper-rooted plants as it prevents deep drainage of water away from plant roots.
• The upper (B2) subsoil has a relatively low inherent fertility throughout (based on the sum of the exchangeable calcium, magnesium and potassium cations). The cations are dominated by exchangeable magnesium which may create nutrient imbalances.
• The level of soluble salts is moderate in the deeper subsoil (i.e. from 95 cm depth). This is only likely to restrict the growth of deeper-rooted salt sensitive species.

Site EG251

Location: Nungurner	Geo. Ref.: 581940E 5808100N
Australian Soil Classification: Eutrophic, Mottled-Subnatric, Brown SODOSOL	Sodic brown texture contrast soil
General landscape description: Undulating low hills
Geology: Neogene sediments
Site description: Not recorded
Land use: Grazing
Native vegetation: Lowland forest
Map unit: Stockdale

Soil profile morphology

Surface soil

A11	0 – 8 cm	Dark brown (7.5YR3/2); loamy sand; massive; firm consistence dry; gradual change to:
A12	8 – 16/20 cm	Dark greyish brown (7.5YR3/2); loamy sand; massive; firm consistence dry; abrupt wavy change to:
A2	16/20 – 25/30 cm	Greyish brown (10YR4/3) conspicuously bleached (10YR7/2d); coarse sandy loamy sand; massive; weak consistence dry; common (10-20%) rounded quartz pebbles (20-60 mm); irregular abrupt change to:
Subsoil
B21	25/35 – 60 cm	Strong brown (7.5YR5/6) with few medium distinct yellowish red (5YR4/6) mottles; light clay (fine sandy); strong coarse (200-500 mm) columnar structure with sand between cracks, parting to medium angular blocky structure; strong consistence moderately moist; few (<2%) rounded quartz pebbles (20-60 mm); diffuse change to:
B22	60 – 115 cm	Strong brown (7.5YR4/6) with few coarse distinct greyish brown (10YR5/2) mottles ; fine sandy clay; weak medium (20-50 mm) angular blocky structure; strong consistence dry; diffuse change to:
B23	115 – 170 cm	Yellowish brown (10YR5/8) with many coarse distinct pale brown (10YR6/3) mottles; fine sandy clay loam; massive; firm dry

Key profile features

• Abrupt texture contrast between the sand surface horizons (A horizons) and the clay subsoil (B horizons).
• Conspicuously bleached subsurface (A2) horizon.

Soil profile characteristics

	pH	Sodicity	Slaking	Dispersion Dry	Dispersion Remoulded
Surface soil A11 horizon	Strongly acid	Non-sodic	Minimal aggregation	Minimal aggregation	Minimal aggregation
Subsurface A2 horizon	Slightly acid	Non-sodic	Water stable	Nil (2 hours), Nil (20 hours)	Nil (2 hours), Nil (20 hours)
Subsoil B21 horizon	Moderately acid	Sodic	Partial	Moderate (2 hours), Strong (2 hours)	Strong (2 hours), Complete (20 hours)

Horizon	Depth cm	Field texture	pH water	pH CaCl2	EC dS/m	Coarse sand %	Fine sand %	Silt %	Clay %	Field cap. % w/w	Wilt. point % w/w	PAW* water % w/w
A11	0-8	LS	5.5	4.8	0.07	48	28	17	6	12.7	7.2	5.5
A12	8-16/20	LS	5.8	4.9	<0.05	52	32	6	7	13.1	3.5	9.6
A2	16/20-25/35	LS	6.2	5.5	<0.05	54	29	8	6	12.5	2.6	9.9
B21	25/35-60	LC	5.9	4.7	0.11	17	45	7	29	35.7	13.0	22.7
B22	60-115	FSC	5.5	4.6	0.31	6	60	11	25	34.7	11.2	23.5
B23	115-170	FSCL	5.3	4.5	0.48	7	69	8	16	29.9	6.6	23.3

* PAW refers to plant available water. This is the difference between the soil’s water content at field capacity and wilting point.

Depth	OrgC#	Total N	Free Fe2O3	Exch. Al	Exchangeable cations cmol(+)/kg							Ca:Mg	ESP
cm	%	%	% w/w	ppm	Ca	Mg	K	Na	Total	H	CEC
0-8	6.0	0.37		6	6.8	1.8	0.2	<0.1	8.8	6.6	15.4	3.8
8-20				14	3.0	1.0	0.1	<0.1	4.1	4.1	8.2	3.0
20-25/35				<5	1.1	0.7	0.1	<0.1	1.9	2.5	4.4	1.6
25/35-60				32	1.0	6.1	0.4	1.0	8.5	6.6	15.1	0.2	6
60-115				19	0.2	5.8	0.2	2.2	8.4	4.7	13.1	0.1	15
115-170				23	<0.1	5.4	0.2	2.7	8.3	3.7	12.0		22

# Organic carbon

Management considerations

Whole profile

• The plant available water capacity of the soil is considered to be low (estimated at 51 mm) for the top 50 cm of the soil profile. A significant proportion of the plant available water will be held in the surface horizons (0-20cm) with its higher organic matter levels.
• The subsoil is dense and weakly structured which will restrict root movement.

Surface (A) horizons

• The organic matter in the surface soil is quite high. Organic matter is important in the nutrient and water holding capacity of the soil, as well as maintaining stable soil structure.
• The surface (A1) horizon is extremely acid but the pastures are unlikely to show any response to lime.
• The sandy surface horizons are very well draining and have a low water storage capacity. The low wilting points indicate plants will be able to utilise light rains falling on dry soil.
• The sandy surface soil will also be prone to wind erosion if plant cover is removed where blow-outs can occur.
• The surface horizons have a moderate inherent fertility (based on the sum of the exchangeable cations). This is most likely due to the high organic matter content of the surface horizon.
• The soil is below deficiency level for potassium and a response to potassium fertilisers would be expected provided the phosphorus levels are adequate.

Subsoil (B) horizon

• The dense and coarsely structured upper (B21) subsoil is sodic. This will restrict the downward movement of plant roots and water. The temporary build up of water on top of this less permeable layer may be beneficial for deeper-rooted plants as it prevents deep drainage of water away from plant roots
• The level of soluble salts becomes higher down the profile but too deep to adversely affect plant growth.

Site EG252

Location: Stockdale	Geo. Ref.: 515600E 5811400N
Australian Soil Classification: Bleached, Magnesic, Brown KUROSOL	Bleached acidic texture contrast soil
General landscape description: Gently undulating plain
Geology: Late Tertiary sediments
Site description: 1% slope to north-west
Land use: Plantation timber (pines and eucalypts)
Native vegetation: Lowland forest
Map unit: Stockdale

Soil profile morphology

Surface soil

A1	0 – 15 cm	Dark greyish brown (10YR4/2); fine sandy loam; weak fine (<5 mm) granular structure; very weak consistence moist; clear and smooth change to:
A2	15 – 30 cm	Pale brown (10YR6/3) conspicuously bleached very pale brown (10YR7/3d); loamy fine sand; weak medium (<20 mm) polyhedral structure; loose dry; sharp and wavy change to:
Subsoil
B21	30 – 80 cm	Yellowish brown (10YR5/4) with many coarse prominent brown (7.5YR4/4) mottles; medium heavy clay; strong coarse subangular blocky structure; parting to strong medium subangular blocky structure; strong consistence moist; diffuse and smooth transition to:
B22	80 – 120 cm	Light grey (10YR6/1) with many coarse strong brown (7.5YR4/6) mottles; medium heavy clay; strong coarse subangular blocky structure; parting to strong fine angular blocky structure; clear and smooth transition to:
B23	120 – 160 cm	Light grey (10YR6/1) with many coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR4/6) and red (2.5YR4/6) mottles; light clay (sandy); massive; strong consistence moist. Soft sandstone continues to at least 2 m in depth.

Key profile features

• Strong texture contrast between the sand surface (A) horizons and the clay subsoil (B21) horizon.
• Conspicuously bleached A2 horizon.

Soil profile characteristics

	pH	Sodicity	Slaking	Dispersion Dry	Dispersion Remoulded
Surface soil (A1 horizon)	Strongly acid
Subsoil (B21 horizon)	Strongly acid	Non-sodic
Deeper subsoil (at 1 m)	Strongly acid	Non-sodic

Horizon	Depth cm	Field texture	pH water	pH CaCl2	EC dS/m	Coarse sand %	Fine sand %	Silt %	Clay %	Field cap. % w/w	Wilt. point % w/w	PAW* water % w/w
A1	0-15	FSL	5.5	4.7	0.07	29	49	10	9	15.9	5	10.9
A2	15-30	LFS	5.7	4.8	<0.05	29	52	10	8	14.2	2.9	11.3
B21	30-80	MHC	5.5	4.5	0.08	10	16	3	68	46	25.9	20.1
B22	80-120	MHC	5.3	4.3	0.08	9	27	7	58	38.6	22	16.6

* PAW refers to plant available water. This is the difference between the soil’s water content at field capacity and wilting point.

Depth	OrgC#	Total N	Free Fe2O3	Exch. Al	Exchangeable cations cmol(+)/kg							Ca:Mg	ESP
cm	%	%	% w/w		Ca	Mg	K	Na	Total	H	CEC
0-15				<10	3.7	1.6	0.17	0.14	5.6	8.9	14.5	2.3	1
15-30				<10	0.72	0.87	0.06	0.06	1.7	3.4	5.1	0.8	1
30-80				140	0.76	9.2	0.35	0.76	11.0	12	23	0.1	3
80-120				250	0.37	7.7	0.22	0.86	9.2	12	21.2	<0.1	4

# Organic carbon

Management considerations

Whole profile

• The plant available water capacity of this soil is considered to be low (estimated at 52 mm) for the top 40 cm of this profile. The high clay content and coarse structure of the B21 horizon would limit root growth in pasture species.
• The levels of exchangeable aluminium become reasonably high in the strongly acid subsoil. This may restrict growth in aluminium sensitive species.
• Availability of some trace elements (eg copper, molybdenum) may be low in the mainly strongly acidic profile.

Surface (A) horizons

• The surface (A1) horizon is extremely acid but the pastures are unlikely to show any response to lime.
• The sandy surface horizons are very well draining and have a low water storage capacity. The low wilting points (i.e. 5 and 2.1%) indicate plants will be able to utilise light rains falling on dry soil. However, due to the low water storage capacity, plants will soon suffer moisture stress unless further rain occurs. Organic matter is an important source of nutrient holding capacity as well as enhancing water holding capacity in sandy soils.
• The sandy surface soil will also be prone to wind erosion if plant cover is removed where blow-outs can occur.
• The surface horizons have a very low inherent fertility (based on the sum of the exchangeable cations).
• The soil is below deficiency level for potassium and a response to potassium fertilisers would be expected provided the phosphorus levels are adequate.

Subsoil (B) horizon

• The dense and coarsely structured upper (B21) subsoil is non-sodic. However the high clay content will restrict the downward movement of plant roots and water. The temporary build up of water on top of this less permeable layer may be beneficial for deeper-rooted plants as it prevents deep drainage of water away from plant roots.
• The upper (B21) subsoil has a relatively moderate inherent fertility throughout (based on the sum of the exchangeable calcium, magnesium and potassium cations). The cations are dominated by exchangeable magnesium which may create nutrient imbalances.
• The level of soluble salts is low throughout the soil profile.

Profile No 49 (Aldrick et al, 1992)

Location: 8 Km north-west of Lakes Entrance	Geo. Ref.: 580300E 58114100
Australian Soil Classification: Magnesic, Mottled-Subnatric, Brown SODOSOL	Sodic brown texture contrast soil
Map unit: Stockdale

Depth cm	Colour	Texture	pH	TSS %	Grv %	CS %	FS %	Silt %	Clay %	Org C %	Tot N %	Exchangeable cations cmol(+)/kg					Ca:Mg	ESP
												Ca	Mg	K	Na	CEC
2-10	Dark brown	SL	5.1	0.01	33	35	41	14	11	1.3	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.2	0.2	8.6	0.6	2
10-20	Dark greyish brown
20-30	Yellowish brown, grey and reddish brown mottles	MC	5.9	0.01	37	27	34	9	32			0.1	3.0	0.2	0.8	11.6	<0.1	7
60-90	Brown with reddish brown mottles	MC	5.9	0.04	20	28	26	11	37			0.1	5.6	0.08	2.5	13.3	<0.1	19
100-120	Brown with reddish brown mottles	SC	5.8	0.07	15	17	23	13	48			0.08	6.5	0.2	3.3	14.6	<0.1	23

* Quartz gravel not included in particle size analysis

Profile No 51 (Aldrick et al, 1992)

Location: 15 km west of Lakes Entrance	Geo. Ref.: 575100E 5808400
Australian Soil Classification: Magnesic, Mottled-Mesonatric, Brown SODOSOL	Sodic brown texture contrast soil
Map unit: Stockdale

Depth cm	Colour	Texture	pH	TSS %	Grv %	CS %	FS %	Silt %	Clay %	Org C %	Tot N %	Exchangeable cations cmol(+)/kg					Ca: Mg	ESP
												Ca	Mg	K	Na	CEC
0-10	Very dark grey	SL	4.8	0.02	5	33	41	8	12	1.9	0.15	2.7	1.6	0.2	0.2	14.8	1.7	1
20-30	Very dark greyish brown	LS	5.7	0.01	2	33	45	11	9			1.3	2.4	0.1	0.3	9.2	0.5	3
30-60	Yellowish brown, dark brown mottles	HC	5.1	0.11	1	20	33	6	40			0.4	6.3	0.2	3.1	14.9	<0.1	21
60-90	Yellowish brown with reddish brown mottles	SC	5.1	0.13	2	23	40	2	33			0.3	5.6	0.1	3.5	13.6	<0.1	26
90-100	Brownish yellow with grey mottles	SCL	5.1	0.13	1	26	43	7	22			0.3	4.3	0.1	2.8	9.9	<0.1	28

* Quartz gravel not included in particle size analysis

Profile No 52 (Aldrick et al, 1992)

Location: 12 km north-east of Briagolong	Geo. Ref.: 516200E 5816800N
Australian Soil Classification: Mottled, Magnesic (and Dystrophic), Brown CHROMOSOL	Brown texture contrast soil (deep surface)
Map unit: Stockdale

Depth cm	Colour	Texture	pH	TSS %	Grv %	CS %	FS %	Silt %	Clay %	Org C %	Tot N %	Exchangeable cations cmol(+)/kg					Ca: Mg	ESP
												Ca	Mg	K	Na	CEC
0-10	Very dark greyish brown	LS	5.1	0.01	4	19	62	8	7	1.3	0.5	0.14	0.26	0.01	0.12	11.5	0.5	0
20-30	Brown	LS	5.6	0.0	9	17	66	9	7			0.03	0.14	<0.1	0.07	7.8	0.2	1
30-60	Yellowish brown	GvL	5.5	0.0	26	16	60	12	13			0.07	0.09	<0.1	0.08	4.9	1.0	2
75-90	Yellowish brown with red and grey mottles	FSC	5.6	0.0	5	16	43	1	38			0.1	0.7	<0.1	0.3	9.2	0.1	3
90-120	Yellowish brown with red and grey mottles	MC	5.4	0.0	4	12	36	11	38			0.05	0.8	0.1	0.4	12.6	<0.1	3

* Quartz gravel not included in particle size analysis

Profile No 63 (Aldrick et al, 1992)

Location: 9 km north-west of Bairnsdale	Geo. Ref.: 545400E 5816900N
Australian Soil Classification: Sodic, Mesotrophic, Brown CHROMOSOL (Thick sandy)	Deep sandy brown texture contrast soil
Map unit: Stockdale with Munro

Depth cm	Colour	Texture	pH	TSS %	Grv %	CS %	FS %	Silt %	Clay %	Org C %	Tot N %	Exchangeable cations cmol(+)/kg					Ca: Mg	ESP
												Ca	Mg	K	Na	CEC
0-8	Very dark greyish brown	LFS	5.7	0.01	0	2	69	23	6	2.0	0.16	2.0	0.8	0.3	0.03	10.8	2.5	0
30-60	Dark brown	LFS	6.7	0.01	1	1	74	10	14			1.4	0.4	0.1	0.04	3.8	3.5	1
60-90	Yellowish brown	SC	5.9	0.01	2	1	54	6	33			1.5	3.4	0.1	0.5	15.1	0.44	3
120-150	Yellowish brown	SL	6.4	0.04	1	1	74	5	16			0.3	2.8	0.01	0.9	6.8	0.11	13

* Quartz gravel not included in particle size analysis