LS12

Location: Propodollah

Australian Soil Classification: Hypercalcic, Mottled-Mesonatric, Yellow SODOSOL (sandy)

Northcote Factual Key: Dy 5.43
Great Soil Group: solodized solonetz

General Landscape Description: Gently undulating plain with low sand dunes (generally trending east-west). Slope generally 2%.
Site Description: This site occurs at the top of a broad dune.
Native Vegetation: Supporting Mallee species.
Land Use: Used mainly for grazing.

LS12 Landscape

LS12 Landscape - another view.

A1	0-10 cm	Greyish brown (10YR5/2); loamy sand; structureless; loose consistence dry; pH 6.7:	LS12 Profile
A2	10-11 cm	Conspicuously bleached; sand:
Subsoil
B21	11-30 cm	Light yellowish brown (10YR6/4) with reddish yellow (7.5YR6/8) mottles; sandy clay; strong coarse columnar structure with cemented bleached domed capping; very strong consistence dry; pH 8.5:
B22	30-40 cm	Light yellowish brown (10YR6/4) with reddish brown (7.5YR6/8) mottles; medium clay (sandy); moderate medium prismatic, breaking to moderate medium blocky structure; strong consistence dry; pH 9.1:
B23	40-65 cm	Very pale brown (10YR7/4) with strong brown (7.5YR5/8) mottles; medium clay; structure similar to above; contains many (20 - 50%) soft and hard calcareous segregations; pH 9.4:
B24	65+ cm	Strong brown (7.5YR5/6); medium heavy clay; structure similar to above; pH 9.4; weathered sandstone begins at 170 cm.
		Note: Weathered sandstone occurs at 170 cm depth.

• Strongly texture contrast between sandy surface horizons and clay subsoil.
  
  
• Coarse columnar structure with cemented capping at top of subsoil.

The surface soil is slightly acid. The subsoil is moderately alkaline becoming very strongly alkaline at depth.

The salinity rating is very low in the surface. The subsoil is low becoming moderate with depth.

The surface is non-sodic. The subsoil is strongly sodic.

Horizon	Horizon Depth (cm)	pH (water)	pH (CaCl2)	EC dS/m	Sodium Chloride %	Exchangeable Cations
						Ca	Mg	K	Na
						meq/100g
A1	0-10	6.7	6.1	0.1		1.9	0.5	0.3	<0.1
A2	10-11	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
B21	11-30	8.5	7.4	0.24		3.8	6.7	0.6	3
B22	30-40	9.1	8.2	0.33	<0.05	9.1	11.1	1.3	3.8
B23	40-65	9.4	8.4	0.5	0.05	6.7	9.5	1	3.8
B24	65-100	9.4	8.5	0.61		4.9	10.8	1.1	4.8

Horizon	Horizon Depth (cm)	Total Nitrogen %	Oxidisable Organic Carbon %	Field Capacity pF2.5	Wilting Point pF4.2	Coarse Sand (0.2-2.0 mm) %	Fine Sand (0.02-0.2 mm) %	Silt (0.002-0.02 mm) %	Clay (<0.002 mm) %
A1	0-10	<0.05	0.8	4.3	2.4
A2	10-11	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
B21	11-30			24.5	10.5	38	33	2	26
B22	30-40			33.8	23.1
B23	40-65
B24	65-100

• The light textured shallow surface horizon is potentially wind erodible and if removed would expose the strongly sodic and dispersive subsoil to water erosion.
  
  
• Plant available water capacity is limited by the shallow and sandy textured surface horizons. The low wilting point value (ie. 2%), however, means that plants will be able to utilise light rain falling on relatively dry soil. Plants will soon suffer moisture stress if further rains do not fall.
  
  
• The surface horizons have a very low inherent fertility (based on the sum of the basic exchangeable cations) and relatively low levels of organic carbon and nitrogen. Increasing organic mater levels on light textured soils will improve the nutrient holding capacity.

• The strongly sodic and dispersive subsoil is likely to result in restricted water and root movement down the profile. The hard capping of the columnar structured B horizon is also likely to restrict root penetration. The conspicuously bleached A2 horizon above the sodic B horizon indicates that periodic waterlogging occurs.
  
  
• Much of the subsoil is very strongly alkaline which indicates that some nutrients (eg. iron, manganese, copper and zinc) may be poorly available to plants. Plant tissue analysis can be used to assess deficiencies.
  
  
• The high levels of exchangeable sodium in the subsoil may also result in nutrient imbalances and may even have a toxic effect on some plants.

• Waterlogging occurs.

• Boron toxicity problem may occur at depth associated with carbonate layer.

• Lucerne roots have difficulty penetrating subsoil.