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LP97

Location: Mount Camel Landcare Group

Australian Soil Classification: Vertic (and Calcic), Mottled-Mesonatric, Brown SODOSOL

Northocte Factual Key: Dy 3.43
Great Soil Group: Red-Brown Earth

Site Description: Lower slope (5%) on an undulating low hill.
Geology: Cambrian to lower Ordovician sediments


Photo: Soil Site LP97 Landscape
LP97 Landscape


Soil Profile Morphology

Surface Soil

A1 0-10 cm Dark reddish brown (5YR3/3); sandy clay loam; hardsetting surface condition; weak coarse blocky structure; very firm consistence dry; contains a common (15%) amount of ironstone,
quartz and jasper gravel (5 mm average size); pH 6; abrupt change to;
Photo: Soil Site LP97 Profile
LP97 profile
A210-15 cmYellowish red (5YR5/6) conspicuously bleached (5YR7/3); sandy clay loam; discontinuous along soil pit; massive; strong consistence dry; contains many (25%) angular quartz, jasper and ironstone gravels (5 mm average size); pH 6.8; sharp change to;
Subsoil

B2115-50 cmYellowish brown (10YR5/6) with strong brown (7.5YR5/6) mottles; medium heavy clay; moderate coarse blocky structure; very firm consistence moderately moist; contains a few (5%) gravels (average size 8 mm); small slickensides present; pH 7.9; gradual change to;

B2250-80 cmStrong brown (7.5YR5/6); medium clay; weak to moderate coarse blocky structure; very strong consistence dry; pH 8.7; clear change to;

B31k80-110 cmLight brownish grey (2.5Y6/2) with light olive brown (2.5Y5/4), yellowish red (5YR5/8) and brownish yellow (10YR6/6) mottles; medium heavy clay; moderate medium polyhedral, parting to moderate fine polyhedral structure; contains a few (5%) fine-earth carbonates in patches and a common (10-20%) amount of angular quartz (4 mm), ironstone (4 cm) and mudstone (10-20 mm) gravel; pH 9.0.

Key Profile Features
  • Strong texture contrast between surface (A) horizons (<17% clay) and subsoil (B21) horizon (48% clay).
  • Coarsely structured, strongly sodic subsoil.
  • Deeper subsoil displays vertic properties and contains free carbonate (lime).

Key Profile Characteristics

pH
Salinity Rating
Surface
(A1 horizon)
Moderately Acid
Very Low
Non-Sodic
None1
Subsoil
(25-45 horizon)
Slightly Alkaline
Low
Strongly Sodic
Strong
Deeper subsoil
(1 m)
Strongly Alkaline
Medium
Strongly Sodic
None2
1 slight dispersion with remoulding
2 possibly due to medium level of soluble salts.

Graph: Soil Site LP108 graphs


Horizon
Horizon Depth
(cm)
pH
(water)
pH
(CaCl
2)
EC
dS/m
NaCl
Organic Carbon
%
Total
Nitrogen
%
Exchangeable Cations
Coarse Sand
(0.2-2.0 mm)
%
Fine Sand
(0.02-0.2 mm)
%
Silt
(0.002-0.02 mm)
%
Clay
(<0.002 mm)
%
Field Capacity
% w/w
Wilting Point
% w/w
Ca
Mg
K
Na
meq/100g
A1
0-10
6
5
<0.05
1.8
0.17
4
2.1
0.5
0.3
18
48
15
17
18.9
6.2
A2
10-15
6.8
5.6
<0.05
2.4
2.3
0.2
0.4
23
48
15
15
12.7
4.6
B21
15-50
7.9
6.8
0.33
<0.05
5.2
14
0.7
3.8
14
27
11
48
31.6
17.2
B22
50-80
8.7
8.2
1.0
0.18
7
19
0.7
7.4
B31k
80-110
9
8.4
0.81
0.09
14
17
0.7
6



Management Considerations:

In general, management strategies for all soils should aim to increase organic matter levels in the surface soil; minimise the degradation of soil aggregates and porosity; promote the development of stable biopores; improve the calcium status of the ion exchange complex (particularly when sodium is a significant part – i.e. sodic), and break up any hardpans. Less frequent tillage; using less aggressive implements, and working the soil at optimum moisture conditions can all assist in maintaining soil aggregation and porosity as well as reducing the breakdown of organic matter. Practices such as residue retention, minimum tillage and including pasture rotations could be utilised if cropping takes place in order to build up organic matter, reduce erosion risk and increase fertility.

Plant available water capacity (PAWC) is considered to be low (estimated at 70 mm). This is based on available laboratory data an assumes an effective rooting depth of 40 cm. Rooting depth will be limited by the strongly sodic and dispersive upper subsoil.

Notes:
  • Profile described by Mark Imhof, Paul Rampant and Karen De Plater (29/11/95.)
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