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Connewarre Land System

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Many of the outlets of creeks and rivers to the east of the Otway Range possess tidal swamps with braided channels and brackish lagoons. Thompson Creek and Painkalac Creek have such river mouths, although the most extensive swamp lies just outside the present study area, surrounding the mouth of the Barwon River.

Only minor differences in height above mean tide level determine the differences between the land components. The marine terraces escape inundation in all but extremely rare combinations of floods and high tide, while most other tracts of land are flooded either regularly or irregularly.

Halophytic shrubs and herbs colonize the grey and structureless silty clays found on these swamps. The structure and species of each community are strongly influenced by the height above mean tide level and the degree of salinity of the tidal water.

Some parts of these areas have been drained or filled to provide for agriculture or recreational facilities. However, most parts remain in their natural state.
A Study of land in the catchments of the Otway Range and adjacent plains - coonewarre
A Study of land in the catchments of the Otway Range and adjacent plains - coonewarre
These swamps lie just inland from the coastal dunes
and provide valuable habitats for wildlife.
A Study of land in the catchments of the Otway Range and adjacent plains - coonewarre


Area: 41 km
2
Component and its proportion of land system
1
30%
2
30%
3
10%
4
15%
5
15%
CLIMATE
Rainfall, mm

Annual: 625, lowest January (30), highest August (60)
Temperature, 0oC
Annual: 14, lowest July (10), highest February (18)
Temperature: less than 10oC (av.) July
Precipitation: less than potential evapotranspiration October – early April
GEOLOGY
Age, lithology

Recent estuarine sand, silt, clay and plant remains

Veneer of aeolian sand
TOPOGRAPHY
Landscape

Flat estuarine lowlands with braided channels
Elevation, m
0-4
Local relief, m
1
Drainage pattern
Deranged
Drainage density, km/km2
-
Land form
Marine terrace
Swamp
Land form element
-
Upper surface occasionally inundated
Lower surface regularly inundated
Free water surface
Area adjacent to sand dune
Slope (and range), %
1 (0-2)
0 (0-1)
0
0
1 (10-2)
Slope shape
Convex
Linear
Linear
-
Irregular
NATIVE VEGETATION
Structure

(Not known)

Low shrubland

Closed grassland

-

Sedgeland
Dominant species
-
Arthrocnemum arbusculum, Gahnia filum
Frankenia pauciflora, Samolus repens, Arthrocnemum arbusculum
-
Scirpus nodosus
SOIL
Parent material

Estuarine clay, silt and sand

Estuarine clay, silt and plant remains

Estuarine clay, silt and plant remains

Estuarine clay, silt and plant remains

Aeolian sand, shell grit over estuarine clay, silt and plant remains
Description
Yellow sodic duplex soils
Saline soils
Saline soils
Saline soils
Grey sand soils, weakly structured clay underlay
Surface texture
Sandy loam
Silty clay loam
Silty clay
Silty clay
Sandy loam
Permeability
Moderate
Very low
Very low
Very low
Low
Depth, m
>2
>2
>2
>2
>2
LAND USECleared areas: Some of the higher areas cleared for grazing, cropping and recreational facilities.
Uncleared areas: Nature conservation; refuse disposal.
SOIL DETERIORATION HAZARD
Critical land features, processes, forms
Sodic subsoils with high saline groundwater tables are prone to soil salting, surface compaction and sheet erosion.
Occasional influx of estuarine saline water on clays of low mechanical strength leads to soil salting and compaction.
Regular influx of estuarine saline water on clays of low mechanical strength leads to soil salting and compaction.
Minor hazards
Sodic subsoils with low permeability and high saline groundwater tables are prone to surface compaction and soil salting.
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