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Chapple Vale Land System

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Low woodlands of Eucalyptus nitida with understoreys of Leptospermum juniperinum, L. myrsinoides and Xanthorrhoea australis characterise these hills on the western periphery of the Otway Range. The soils are mainly deep, infertile and excessively drained sands, which contrast sharply with the adjacent gradational profiles of the Lower Cretaceous outcrops. Thus, although rainfall is high, moisture stress and soil infertility severely restrict plant growth.

Some attempts have been made to clear tracts of this land and establish pastures for cattle grazing. Trial plots of pine species have also been established. Given sufficient fertilizer and soil ameliorants such as lime, pastures or even intensive crops could be successfully grown. However, the rates of such chemicals needed to achieve satisfactory production are high and most of the land remains in its natural state. The main activity has been the opening up of numerous soil and gravel extraction pits, most of which have failed to regenerate naturally and now remain as scars on the landscape.
A Study of land in the catchments of the Otway Range and adjacent plains - chapple vale
A Study of land in the catchments of the Otway Range and adjacent plains - chapple vale
The components of this land system are well demarcated
by the structure and species composition of the native vegetation.
A Study of land in the catchments of the Otway Range and adjacent plains - chapple vale


Area: 115 km
2
Component and its proportion of land system
1
15%
2
15%
3
55%
4
10%
5
5%
CLIMATE
Rainfall, mm

Annual: 1,000 – 1,350, lowest January (45), highest August (130)
Temperature, 0oC
Annual: 12, lowest July (7), highest February (18)
Temperature: less than 10oC (av.) June - September
Precipitation: less than potential evapotranspiration mid November – late March
GEOLOGY
Age, lithology

Paleocene unconsolidated sand and gravel
TOPOGRAPHY
Landscape

Dissected hills in the western part of the Otway Range
Elevation, m
30 - 270
Local relief, m
60
Drainage pattern
Dendritic with some radial areas
Drainage density, km/km2
4.0
Land form
Hill
Valley floor
Land form element
Crest, slope
Broad, slightly depressed areas of impeded drainage
Crest, slope
Steep lower slope
-
Slope (and range), %
25 (10-35)
15 (5-20)
20 (5-45)
40 (25-50)
8 (2-12)
Slope shape
Convex
Linear
Convex
Linear
Concave
NATIVE VEGETATION
Structure

Tall shrubland
Closed heath

Low woodland
Woodland

Closed scrub
Dominant species
E. nitida, Acacia suaveolens, E. baxteri, Leptospermum juniperinum
Casuarina littoralis, Xanthorrhoea australis, Leptospermum juniperinum, Leptospermum myrsinoides, Melaleuca squarrosa, Aotus ericoides, Dillwynia glaberrina, Epacris impressa, Epacris lanuginosa
E. nitida, E. radiata,
E. baxteri, E. viminalis close to valley floor
E. baxteri, E. radiata,
E. nitida
Melaleuca squarrosa, Leptospermum juniperinum, Casuarina littoralis, Gleichenia circinnata, Bauera rubioides, Sprengelia incarnata
SOIL
Parent material

Quartz sand and gravel

Quartz sand

Quartz sand

Quartz sand

Alluvial sand, plant remains
Description
White sand soils, uniform texture
Grey sand soils with hardpans, uniform texture
Grey sand soils, uniform texture
Yellow sand soils, uniform texture
Black sand soils, uniform texture
Surface texture
Coarse sand
Sandy loam
Loamy sand
Loamy sand
Silty loam
Permeability
Very high
Very low
Very high
Very high
Low
Depth, m
>2
0.6
>2
>2
>2
LAND USE
Uncleared areas: Gravel and sand extraction; nature conservation; water supply; active and passive recreation.
SOIL DETERIORATION HAZARD
Critical land features, processes, forms
Very low inherent fertility and high permeability leads to leaching of nutrients. Steeper slopes with compacted soils are prone to sheet, rill and scour gully erosion.
Hardpans restrict drainage leading to seasonal waterlogging. Very low inherent fertility with leaching of permeable acidic surface horizons leads to nutrient decline.
Very low inherent fertility and high permeability lead to nutrient decline. Steeper slopes with compacted soils are prone to sheet, rill and scour gully erosion.
Steeper slopes with weakly structured soils of low water-holding capacity are prone to sheet erosion. Low inherent fertility and high permeability lead to nutrient decline.
High water tables lead to waterlogging and soil compaction. Rapid run-off from adjacent hills leads to flooding and siltation.
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