Your gateway to a wide range of natural resources information and associated maps

Victorian Resources Online

Bunker Hill Land System

Download the pdf version of this document: Bunker Hill Land System (PDF - 639 KB)
To view the information, PDF requires the use of a PDF reader. This can be installed for free from the Adobe website (external link).

Deeply dissected hills north and west of Gellibrand possess Tertiary sands and clays on the higher parts of the landscape and outcrops of Cretaceous sediments on the steeper and lower parts. The soils become heavier and more fertile on the Cretaceous sediments and this is reflected in the occurrence of Eucalyptus obliqua and E. viminalis open forests with dense understoreys.

Most areas are too steep for agriculture, and remain forested with native hardwoods or pines. Clearing operations necessary for pine conversion and hardwood harvesting may result in severe scour gullying and landslips on the steep parts of the landscape.

Access tracks are difficult to site and prone to scouring. In general, careful management is required.
A Study of land in the catchments of the Otway Range and adjacent plains - bunker hill
A Study of land in the catchments of the Otway Range and adjacent plains - bunker hill
The steep land and irregular nature of the terrain makes
these areas difficult to manage.
A Study of land in the catchments of the Otway Range and adjacent plains - bunker hill


Area: 41 km
2
Component and its proportion of land system
1
25%
2
20%
3
40%
4
9%
5
6%
CLIMATE
Rainfall, mm

Annual
: 900 – 1,050, lowest January (45), highest August (130)
Temperature, 0oC
Annual: 12, lowest July (7), highest February (18)
Temperature: less than 10oC (av.) June – August
Precipitation: less than potential evapotranspiration early November – late March
GEOLOGY
Age, lithology

Palaeocene unconsolidated sand, silt and clay

Lower Cretaceous sandstone and mudstone

Palaeocene unconsolidated sand, silt and clay
TOPOGRAPHY
Landscape

Deeply dissected hills abutting the Gellibrand River to the west of Love Creek
Elevation, m
60 – 290
Local relief, m
95
Drainage pattern
Dendritic with some radial areas
Drainage density, km/km2
3.2
Land form
Hill
Land form element
Crests, upper slope
Slope
Steep lower slope
Gentle slope
Crest, upper slope
Slope (and range), %
20 (5-35)
30 (20-35)
45 (30-65)
15 (4-20)
13 (1-20)
Slope shape
Convex
Convex
Linear
Concave
Convex
NATIVE VEGETATION
Structure

Woodland

Open forest

Open forest

Low woodland

Woodland
Dominant species
E. nitida, E. radiata,
E. baxteri
E. baxteri, E. obliqua
E. obliqua, E. ovata,
E. viminalis, E. aromaphloia, on southern aspect E. cypellocarpa
E. nitida, E. ovata,
E. baxteri
E. radiata, E. baxteri,
E. nitida, E. obliqua
SOIL
Parent material

Sand

Sand, silt and clay

In-site weathered rock

Sand

Quartz gravel, some clay, sand and silt
Description
Grey sand soils, uniform texture
Yellow gradational soils, weak structure
Brown gradational soils
Grey sand soils with hardpans, uniform texture
Stony yellow gradational soils
Surface texture
Loamy sand
Sandy loam
Loam
Loamy sand
Loamy sand
Permeability
Very high
High
Moderate
Very low
Very high
Depth, m
>2
>2
0.9
0.5
>2
LAND USE
Uncleared areas: Hardwood forestry for posts and poles, some sawlogs on better soils; nature conservation; water supply; gravel extraction; softwood plantations.
Cleared areas: Beef cattle and sheep grazing on mainly unimproved pastures; water supply
SOIL DETERIORATION HAZARD
Critical land features, processes, forms
Low inherent fertility and high permeability lead to leaching and nutrient decline. When disturbed and compacted, steeper slopes are prone to erosion (scouring).
Low inherent fertility and high permeability lead to nutrient decline. Weakly structured surface soils are prone to sheet erosion on steeper slopes.
Steeper slopes are prone to sheet and rill erosion. Clay subsoils subject to periodic saturation are prone to landslips
Low inherent fertility leads to nutrient decline. Hardpans restrict vertical drainage leading to seasonal waterlogging.
Very low inherent fertility and high permeability lead to leaching and nutrient decline.
Page top