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Birregurra Land System

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Lying between the basalt plains to the north and dissected lateritized landscapes to the south, much, if not all, of this flat plain apparently marks the eastern extent of a large former lake in western Victoria. The landscape slopes very gently to the east with increasing dissection as the height above the Barwon River flood plain increases from 10 m to about 40 m.

The lacustrine deposits appear to be mainly calcareous and have formed soils with alkaline reaction trends. Dissolution of calcium carbonate has led to the development of sink holes in some areas, although levelling of paddocks has made these less apparent.

The native vegetation has been almost completely removed for agricultural use and its original structure and composition are difficult to determine. In the east there is some evidence of a former woodland, but further west the soils are less well drained and possibly the communities were more stunted.
A Study of land in the catchments of the Otway Range and adjacent plains - bellbrae
A Study of land in the catchments of the Otway Range and adjacent plains - bellbrae
The western parts of the land system show very little dissection
and form a flat plain between the Tertiary sediments in the south
and the basalt in the north.
A Study of land in the catchments of the Otway Range and adjacent plains - bellbrae


Area: 81 km
2
Component and its proportion of land system
1
80%
2
10%
3
10%
CLIMATE
Rainfall, mm

Annual
: 600 – 650, lowest January (30), highest February (75)
Temperature, 0oC
Annual: 13, lowest July (8), highest February (19)
Temperature: less than 10oC (av.) June - August
Precipitation: less than potential evapotranspiration October – late April
GEOLOGY
Age, lithology

Pleistocene clay, silt and some sand
TOPOGRAPHY
Landscape

Flat plain bordering the present flood plain of the Barwon River
Elevation, m
110 – 130
Local relief, m
10
Drainage pattern
Dendritic
Drainage density, km/km2
0.8
Land form
Flat plain
Land form element
Flat plain
Sinkhole
Younger terrace
Slope (and range), %
1 (0-3)
0 (0-1)
2 (1-3)
Slope shape
Linear
Concave
Linear
NATIVE VEGETATION
Structure

Woodland

Sedgeland

Woodland
Dominant species
E. viminalis, E. ovata
Carex spp. Scirpus calocarpus, Schoenus apogon, Juncus spp. Ranunculus spp.
E. ovata, E. camaldulensis
SOIL
Parent material

Calcareous clay

Sedgeland

Woodland
Description
Yellow-brown calcareous duplex soils, coarse structure
Grey calcareous sodic clay soils, uniform texture
Grey gradational soils
Surface texture
Fine sandy loam
Clay
Clay loam
Permeability
Very low
Very low
Very low
Depth, m
>2
>2
>2
LAND USE
Sheep and beef cattle grazing; dairy farming; cropping.
SOIL DETERIORATION HAZARD
Critical land features, processes, forms
Dispersible clay subsoils of low permeability and prone to gully and tunnel erosion. Seasonally high water tables lead to soil salting.
High water tables and low permeability lead to waterlogging, soil compaction and soil salting.
High seasonal water table, low permeability and saline groundwater lead to waterlogging, soil compactions and soil salting.
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