LSWW13

Gently undualting plains near Winter Lake		Site Code	LSWW13
		Location	Winter Lake, western Victoria
		Landform	Plain
		Geology	Quaternary swamp and lake deposits: paludal silt and clay
		Element	Plain


Horizon	Depth (cm)	Description
AO	0–3	Organic layer.
A1	3–10	Brown (7.5YR4/2); loamy sand; weakly structured; pH 6.6:
A2	10–20	Pink (7.5YR7/4); sand; massive (structureless); pH 6.3:
B21	20–40	Very pale brown with many distinct brownish yellow mottles (10YR7/3); medium heavy clay; very coarse columnar, parting to strong medium polyhedral, parting to moderate fine polyhedral structure; clay skin cutans; dispersive when worked; pH 5.8:
B22	40–70	Brownish yellow (10YR6/8); sandy clay; completely dispersive; pH 7.2:
B23	70–90	Pale yellow (2.5Y7/4) with a few faint brownish yellow mottles; medium heavy clay, sandy; moderate coarse prismatic, parting to strong coarse blocky structure; a few manganese flecks; completely dispersive; pH 8.5:
B24k	90–150	Light grey (2.5Y7/2); medium heavy clay, sandy; moderate coarse prismatic, parting to strong coarse blocky structure; common soft calcareous segregations with a few hard calcareous nodules; carbonate occurs in patches; pH 9.6:
B25	150–200+	Light grey (2.5Y7/2); medium clay, sandy; moderate coarse parting to strong medium polyhedral structure; pH 9.0.
Management Considerations
Acidic, sandy and hydrophobic topsoil. Strong textural contrast between topsoil and subsoil. Bleached capping A2 over large hard setting clay columns, restricting water and gas movement. Alkaline subsoil, with increased magnesium and salinity at depth. Likely to be highly dispersive. Columnar structure, restricting rooting path options. Subsoil mottling. Clay skins on the B21 horizon repel water. Top of the subsoil is dispersive following cultivation when wet. Plant Available Water Capacity (PAWC) is considered to be low (estimated at 90 mm) for this site profile based on an Effective Rooting Depth (ERD) of 40 cm. Rooting depth will be restricted by subsoil conditions, such as strongly sodic (Exchangeable Sodium Percentage >20%), high soluble salt levels (Chloride >0.1%), poor structure (eg. massive or very coarse, columnar or prismatic), very high carbonate (lime) content (not applicable to all plant species) or hard rock. Plant Available Water Capacity (PAWC) is considered to be low (estimated at 90 mm) for this site profile based on an Effective Rooting Depth (ERD) of 40 cm. Rooting depth will be restricted by subsoil conditions, such as strongly sodic (Exchangeable Sodium Percentage >20%), high soluble salt levels (Chloride >0.1%), poor structure (e.g. massive or very coarse, columnar or prismatic), very high carbonate (lime) content (not applicable to all plant species) or hard rock.

Horizon	Depth (cm)	pH (water)	pH (CaCl₂)	EC dS/m	NaCl %	Exchangeable Cations cmol-/kg				Wilting Point (pF4.2)	Coarse Sand %	Fine Sand %	Silt %	Clay %
Horizon	Depth (cm)	pH (water)	pH (CaCl₂)	EC dS/m	NaCl %	Ca	Mg	K	Na	Wilting Point (pF4.2)	Coarse Sand %	Fine Sand %	Silt %	Clay %
AO	0–3									12.6
A1	3–10	6.6	6.3	0.18		4.2	2	0.2	0.3		43	29.5	5.5	10.5
A2	10–20	6.3	5.7	0.05						18.0
B21	20–40	5.8	4.8	0.22		2.6	8.1	0.6	2.5	9.6	27.8	16.8	5.5	44
B22	40–70	7.2	6.2	0.26		1.5	5.1	0.2	2.8	15.3	39.5	30.7	5.5	22
B23	70–90	8.5	7.7	0.55	0.1	3.2	10	0.4	6.6
B24k	90–150	9.6	8.9	0.74	0.12
B25	150–200+	9	8.2	0.53	0.11

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