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Site NE4

Property: Rutherglen Research Institute.
Paddock Number: 18.

Australian Soil Classification: Ferric (and Calcic), Mottled-Subnatric, Brown SODOSOL
Northcote Factual Key: Dy 2.43
Great Soil Group: solodic

General Landscape Description: Level plain. The original vegetation included Yellow Box (Eucalyptus melliodora) and Blakely's Red Gum (E. blakelyi).
Soil Mapping Unit: Unit 2. The soil at this site most closely resembles Lilliput Loam, which occurs in depression components of the unit.

Photo: Soil Site NE 4 Landscape
Site NE4 Landscape


Soil Profile Morphology:

Surface Soil

A10-5 cmBrown (10YR4/3); light fine sandy clay loam; hardsetting surface condition; massive; firm consistence dry; contains a slight (5%) amount of quartz gravel (2-5 mm); pH 5.2; sharp and wavy change to:

Photo:Soil Site NE4 Profile
Site NE4 Profile
A25-30 cmReddish yellow (7.5YR6/6) conspicuously bleached (10YR8/2d); light fine sandy clay loam; massive; strong consistence dry; contains very many (80%) ferromanganiferous nodules; pH 6.2; abrupt change to:

Subsoil

B2130-40 cmYellowish brown (10YR5/4); light medium clay; moderate medium polyhedral structure; very strong consistence moist; contains a common (10-20%) amount of ferromanganiferous stains and concretions as well as a trace (2%) amount of quartz gravel (2-4 mm size); pH 6.3; clear and discontinuous change to:

B2240-80 cmYellowish brown (10YR5/4) with brownish yellow (10YR6/8) diffuse mottles; medium clay; moderate coarse blocky structure; rigid consistence moist; contains a common (20%) amount of ferromanganiferous stains and gravels as well as a trace (2%) amount of quartz gravel; pH 7.2; gradual and wavy change to:

B23k80-100 cmYellowish brown (10YR5/4) with brownish yellow (10YR6/8) [with patches of yellowish brown (5YR5/6)] mottles; light medium clay; moderate coarse blocky structure; very strong consistence moist; contains a few (5%); soft carbonate segregations, as well as a trace (2%) amount of quartz gravel; pH 9.2; gradual change to:

B24100-150+ cmYellowish brown (10YR5/4) and brownish yellow (10YR6/8); light medium clay; pH 9.2.

Key Profile Features:
  • Strong texture contrast between surface (A) horizons (< 20% clay) and subsoil (B21) horizon (46% clay).
  • Conspicuously bleached A2 horizon.
  • Contains a large amount of ferromanganiferous nodules in the subsurface (A2) horizon.
Soil Profile Characteristics:

Graph:Soil Site NE4 pH



The shallow surface (A1) horizon is strongly acid. The subsurface (A2) horizon is slightly acid. The subsoil is slightly acid in the upper part and becomes very strongly alkaline below 1 metre depth.
Graph: Soil Site NE4 Sodicity

The upper subsoil is
sodic (and dispersive). The deeper subsoil becomes strongly sodic.
Graph: Soil Site NE4 Salinity



The level of soluble salts is very low in the upper part of the soil profile. From 80 cm depth the salinity rating becomes low.

Graph: Soil Site NE4 Clay

Horizon
Horizon Depth
(cm)
pH
(water)
pH
(CaCl2)
EC 1:5
Exchangeable Cations
Exchangeable Aluminium mg/kg
Coarse Sand
(0.2 - 2.0 mm)
Fine Sand
(0.02 -0.2 mm)
Silt
(0.002 -0.02 mm)
Clay
(<0.002 mm)
Ca
Mg
K
Na
meq/100g
A1
0-5
5.2
4.2
0.05
1.9
0.7
0.4
0.1
83
9
48
22
19
A2
5-30
6.2
4.8
<0.05
1.8
15
0.3
0.3





B21
30-40
6.3
4.8
<0.05
3.1
5.8
0.5
1.1

12
46
15
27
B22
40-80
7.2
5.8
0.06
3.8
6.6
0.6
2.2

6
33
15
47
B23k
80-100
9.2
8.3
0.35
4.6
9.3
0.7
3.6





B24
100-150
9.2
8.3
0.42
5.7
11
0.7
5






Management Considerations:

Surface (A) Horizons
  • The hardsetting surface soil has a high fine sand and silt content i.e. 70 %. Organic matter is therefore very important for maintaining surface soil aggregation and preventing slaking. Organic matter levels will build up under pasture but will decline if cultivation takes place. Practices such as residue retention, minimum tillage and including pasture rotations should be utilised if cropping occurs. Improving organic matter levels will also enhance soil fertility and water holding capacity.
  • The presence of a conspicuously bleached subsurface (A2) horizon with a large amount of ferromanganiferous nodules indicates that waterlogging occurs at this site as water builds up on top of the slowly permeable subsoil. This horizon will become 'spewy' as a result.
  • The level of exchangeable aluminium (83 mg/kg) measured for this horizon may only restrict the growth of highly aluminium sensitive species.
  • The surface horizons have a very low nutrient status (based on the sum of the exchangeable basic cations). Increasing organic matter levels will assist in enhancing soil fertility as well as water holding capacity.
Subsoil (B) Horizons
  • The dense and coarsely structured subsoil is sodic and dispersive as well as having a low calcium:magnesium ratio. Plant root and water movement will be restricted as a result. Water will build up on top of the poorly permeable subsoil and waterlogging will occur after heavy rains.
  • The large amount of manganese segregations in the subsoil may have a toxic effect on deep rooted manganese sensitive species.
Profile Described By: Mark Imhof, Paul Rampant, Sonia Thompson (16/3/95).
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