OTR499

Location: Anglesea

Australian Soil Classification: Humose-Mottled, Melacic, Red KANDOSOL Bleached-Sodic, Eutrophic, Black Kurosol
Northcote Factual Key: Dd1.41

General Landscape Description: Low hills, dissected plateau
Site Description: Hillslope - mid slope Slope: 0%
Native Vegetation: E.obliqua, A.suaveolens Xanthorrhea australis, Heath spp.
Geology: Ted: Paleogene (Tertiary) marine sediments; silt, fine sand, clay (Demons Bluff Formation)

Soil Profile Morphology:

Surface Soil

A1	0-10 cm	Black (10YR2/1); loamy fine sand; apedal single grain structure; gradual boundary to:
A2	10-30 cm	Grey (10YR5/1); loamy fine sand; apedal single grain structure; clear wavy boundary to:
Subsoil
B21	30-50 cm	Very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2); sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; organic stains on ped faces; diffuse boundary to:
B22	50-120 cm	Dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4); sandy clay loam; coarse subangular blocky structure; clay skin cutans; diffuse boundary to:
C	120+ cm	Yellowish brown (10YR5/6); sandy clay; apedal massive structure.

Soil Profile Characteristics:

	pH	Salinity Rating	Sodicity
Surface (A1 horizon)	Very Strongly Acid	Low	Non-Sodic
Subsoil (B21 horizon)	Strongly Acid	Very Low	Non-Sodic
Deeper Subsoil (at 120 cm)	Strongly Acid	Medium	Sodic

The surface is very strongly acid. The subsoil is strongly acid.

The salinity rating in the surface is low. The upper subsoil has a salinity rating of very low. Salinity rating increases to medium in the deeper subsoil.

This profile is non-sodic until about 100 cm, when it becomes sodic.

Low clay content at the surface. Sharp increase in clay content at the A/B interface.

Horizon	Horizon Depth (cm)	pH (water)	EC dS/m	Organic Carbon %	Total N %	P ppm	K ppm	Free Fe %	Exchangeable Cations				Total Bases cmolc/kg	Ex Ac cmolc/kg	CEC cmolc/kg
									Ca	Mg	K	Na
									cmolc/kg
A1	0-10	4.7	0.052	3.1	0.14	5	70	0.1	2.5	0.9	0.1	0.04	3.5	7.6	10.1
A2	10-20	4.6	0.037	1.2	0.060	4	30	0.1	0.9	0.2	0.07	0.01	1.2	2.6	3.8
A2	20-30	4.9	0.021	0.7	0.033	3	20	0.1	0.5	0.3	0.03	0.01	0.8	0.8	1.6
B21	40-50	5.3	0.060			5	100	2.2	1.2	2.5	0.2	0.2	4.1	7.2	11.4
	50-60	5.5	0.084			3	140		1.3	3.9	0.2	0.4	5.8	7.1	11.7
	80-90	5.5	0.108			3	80		0.4	1.7	0.08	0.2	2.4	3.7	6.0
B22	110-120	5.2	0.258			2	60		0.9	3.3	0.1	0.8	5.1	3.0	8.0

Horizon	Horizon Depth (cm)	Coarse Sand (0.2-2.0 mm)	Fine Sand (0.02-0.2 mm)	Silt (0.002-0.02 mm)	Clay (<0.002 mm)
A1	0-10	1	83	6	7
A2	10-20	1	84	10	6
A2	20-30	<1	90	3	7
B21	40-50	1	69	5	22
	50-60	<1	60	2	33
	80-90	<1	69	4	23
B22	110-120	<1	65	4	29

Management Considerations: The sandy topsoil generally has poor plant water and nutrient holding capacities and due to the low level of bonding between soil particles are particularly prone to wind erosion where land is cleared. Sheet and rill erosion (depending on organic matter content and vegetative cover) may also be an issue. The soils are possibly hydrophobic (in conjunction with organic coatings) when dry, taking time to reabsorb moisture. Sandy topsoils do however drain rapidly and maintenance of a vegetative cover is important. The acidic soils restrict the uptake of certain nutrients as well as intolerance for some plant species (due in part to the increasing mobilisation of aluminium and manganese). Sodic subsoils usually have poor structure (generally as coarse domed columns). The poor structure results in dispersion (and subsequent clogging of pores), restricting water and gas movement through the subsoil. These soils are hardsetting and have limited opportunity for cultivation without further damage to soil structure. Deficiencies of calcium, potassium and molybdenum are likely. Profile Described By: Frank Gibbons, 11th January 1965.