Your gateway to a wide range of natural resources information and associated maps

Victorian Resources Online

LS16


Location: Perenna

Australian Soil Classification: Epicalcareous (& Hypercalcic)-Epihypersodic, Epipedal, Grey VERTOSOL

Northcote Factual Key: Ug 5.21
Great Soil Group: grey clay

General Landscape Description: Gently undulating plain. This site occurs in a low-lying position.
Native Vegetation: Mallee vegetation occurs in its natural state.

Image: LS16 and LS22 Landscape
LS16 Landscape


Soil Profile Morphology:

Surface Soil


A10-10 cmVery dark grey (10YR3/1); light medium clay; moderate coarse blocky structure; strong consistence dry; pH 8.4:

Image: LS16 Profile
LS16 Profile
Subsoil

B21k10-30 cmLight brownish grey (2.5Y6/2); medium clay; strong coarse prismatic, parting to moderate coarse blocky structure; strong consistence dry; contains a common (10-20 %) amount of soft calcium carbonate; pH 9.1:

B22k30-50 cmLight grey (5Y7/2); medium clay; strong medium prismatic, parting to moderate medium blocky structure; strong consistence dry; contains a common (10-20 %) amount of soft calcium carbonate; pH 9.7:

B2350-150 cmLight grey (5Y7/2) with yellow (10YR7/6) diffuse mottles; medium heavy clay; parts to moderate fine polyhedral structure; pH 9.5:

B24150+ cmLight grey (5Y7/2) with brownish yellow (10YR6/8) mottles; heavy clay; moderate lenticular structure; firm consistence moist; contains large sand pockets; pH 9.3.


Key Profile Features:
  • Clay texture throughout profile.
  • Strong vertic properties (as evidenced by lenticular structure).
  • Zone of maximum soft carbonate accumulation occurs in the B21 horizon from 10 cm in depth (ie. hypercalcic).

Soil Profile Characteristics:



pH


Salinity
Surface
(A1 horizon)
Moderately Alkaline
Low
Non-Sodic
Slaking, No Dispersion
Subsoil
(B21 horizon)
Very Strongly Alkaline
Low
Non-Sodic
None
Deeper Subsoil
(at 1 metre)
Very Strongly Alkaline
Medium-High
Strongly Sodic
None1
1 Slight dispersion after remoulding.

Image: LS16 Graphs
The surface soil is moderately alkaline. The subsoil is very strongly alkaline throughout.The salinity rating is low in the surface and upper subsoil becoming high with depth.The surface and upper subsoil is non-sodic. The subsoil is becomes strongly sodic at about 40 cm depth.

Chemical and Physical Analysis:

Horizon
Horizon Depth
(cm)
pH
(water)
pH
(CaCl2)
EC
dS/m
Sodium Chloride
%
Exchangeable Cations
Ca
Mg
K
Na
meq/100g
A1
0-10
8.4
7.8
0.24
18.3
5.4
2.3
0.6
B21k
10-30
9.1
8.2
0.16
13.9
8
1.1
1.1
B22
30-50
9.7
8.7
0.43
<0.05
5.2
14.8
1.2
4.5
B23
50-150
9.5
8.8
0.99
0.15
2.6
16.2
1.8
9.7
B24
150+
9.3
8.7
1.49
0.29
2.8
16.1
1.8
9.7

Horizon
Horizon Depth
(cm)
Total
Nitrogen
%
Oxidisable Organic Carbon
%
Field
Capacity
pF2.5
Wilting
Point
pF4.2
A1
0-10
0.1
1.8
23.6
15.0
B21k
10-30
29.6
19.7
B22
30-50
B23
50-150
B24
150+

Management Considerations:

Surface (A) Horizon
  • The inherent fertility (based on the sum of the basic exchangeable cations) of the surface soil is high.
  • Surface horizon aggregates slake when rapidly wet which may cause surface crusting problems. Maintaining organic matter levels will assist in minimising slaking.
  • Tillage or excessive trafficking of clay soils should be avoided if the soil is in a moist to wet condition (ie. wetter than the plastic limit). At such moisture conditions, tillage or excessive trafficking can result in structural damage (eg. compaction, smearing) occurring. Ideally, tillage should take place when the soil is drier than the plastic limit down to at least the depth of tillage.

Subsoil (B) Horizons

  • The upper subsoil is non-sodic and does not disperse. The subsoil is, however, strongly sodic below 30 cm depth. This may reduce water permeability and restrict root movement below this depth.
  • The very strongly alkaline subsoil indicates that nutrients such as iron, manganese, copper and zinc may be poorly available to plants.
  • Subsoil soluble salt levels may restrict the growth of salt sensitive species from a depth of 50 cm in the profile.

Comments from Landholder:

  • Barley/field peas/chickpeas rotation has been used.
  • Nitrogen has been applied.
  • Waterlogging problems do not occur.

Profile Described By:
Mark Imhof, John Martin, David Rees, Sonia Thompson (May 1994).
Page top