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LS10


Location: Propodollah


Australian Soil Classification: Calcic, Mottled-Mesonatric, Yellow SODOSOL (sandy)

Northcote Factual Key: Dy 4.43
Great Soil Group: solodic/solodized solonetz(intermixed)

General Landscape Description: Mid slope of NNW/SSE trending ridge. Slope generally 3%. Susceptible to gully erosion (averaging 0.5 m deep, 5 m wide).
Native Vegetation: Supports Mallee vegetation when undisturbed.

Image: LS10 Landscape
LS10 Landscape


Soil Profile Morphology:

Surface Soil

A10-10 cmBrown (10YR4/3); loamy sand; weakly structured; weak consistence dry; contains very few (2 %) ferromanganiferous nodules; pH 6.3; sharp and wavy boundary change to:

Image: LS10 Profile
LS10 Profile
A210-15 cmDiscontinuous light yellowish brown (10YR6/4) conspicuously bleached; sand; structureless; loose consistence dry:

Subsoil

B1115-18 cmYellowish red (5YR5/6) and light yellowish brown (10YR6/4) mottles; sandy loam (clayey); structureless; very firm consistence moist; pH 7.7:

B1218-30 cmYellowish brown (10YR5/4) with strong brown (7.5YR5/8); light sandy clay loam; weak columnar tructure; strong consistence moist; pH 8.1:

B2130-55 cmPale yellow (2.5YR7/4); light clay (sandy); moderate coarse blocky structure; very strong consistence moist; pH 8.8:

B2255-70 cmLight brown (7.5YR6/4); medium clay (sandy); contains a common (10 - 20%) amount of soft calcareous segregations; pH 9.5:

B2370-90 cmBrownish yellow (10YR6/5) with yellowish red mottles; light medium clay (sandy); contains a common (10 - 20%) amount of ironstone nodules; pH 9.2:

B2490-110 cmSimilar to above with more mottling:

C110 cm+Weathered sandstone.

Key Profile Features:

  • Strong texture contrast between sandy surface horizons and clay subsoils.

  • Conspicuously bleached subsurface (A2) horizon.

  • Discontinuous presence of coarse columnar structure at the top of the subsoil.

Soil Profile Characteristics:

-


pH


Salinity
Surface
(A1 horizon)
Slightly Acid
Very Low
Non-Sodic
None
Subsoil
(B21 horizon)
Strongly Alkaline
Low
Strongly Sodic
Strong
Deeper Subsoil
(at 1 metre)
Moderately Alkaline
High-Very high
Strongly Sodic
Strong

[<img src=../../wimimages.nsf/Images/LS10_graphs/$File/LS10_graphs.jpg height=250 width=800 align="" alt="Image: LS10 graphs" border=0>]
The surface soil is slightly acid. The subsoil is strongly alkaline becoming very strongly alkaline at 70 cm depth, before dropping back to moderately alkaline.The salinity rating is very low in the surface and low in the upper subsoil becoming high with depth.The surface is non-sodic. The subsoil is strongly sodic.There is a sharp increase in clay at the surface / subsoil boundary.

Chemical and Physical Analysis:

Horizon
Horizon Depth
(cm)
pH
(water)
pH
(CaCl2)
EC
dS/m
Sodium Chloride
%
Exchangeable Cations
Ca
Mg
K
Na
meq/100g
A1
0-10
6.3
5.8
0.28
3.1
0.1
0.1
<0.1
A2
10-15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B11
15-18
7.7
6.7
0.16
2.6
2.5
0.1
1.1
B12
18-30
8.1
6.8
0.14
2.5
3.7
0.2
1.8
B21
30-55
8.8
7.9
0.38
<0.05
4.2
9.3
0.4
5.6
B22
55-70
9.5
8.7
1.09
0.17
5
6.5
0.5
7.8
B23
70-90
9.2
8.5
1.08
0.19
3.2
6.6
0.5
7.4
B24
90-110
8.2
7.5
1.2
0.24
3
6.7
0.5
7.4

Horizon
Horizon Depth
(cm)
Total
Nitrogen
%
Oxidisable Organic Carbon
%
Field
Capacity
pF2.5
Wilting
Point
pF4.2
Coarse Sand
(0.2-2.0 mm)
%
Fine Sand
(0.02-0.2 mm)
%
Silt
(0.002-0.02 mm)
%
Clay
(<0.002 mm)
%
A1
0-10
<0.05
0.9
6.6
1.9
A2
10-15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B11
15-18
10.7
4.2
56
28
3
12
B12
18-30
13.8
5
42
40
2
15
B21
30-55
33
25
3
36
B22
55-70
B23
70-90
38
33
2
26
B24
90-110

Management Considerations:

Surface (A) Horizons
  • The shallow surface horizon is prone to wind erosion. Its removal would expose the sodic and strongly dispersive subsoils to water erosion.
  • The surface horizon has a very low inherent fertility as well as low levels of total nitrogen and organic carbon. Improved organic matter levels would assist in stabilisation of surface soil aggregates as well as improving fertility and water holding capacity.
  • Plant available water capacity is limited by the sandy texture of the surface horizon and structural properties of the subsoil. The sandy surface horizons, however, have a low wilting point value (ie. 2 %) which means that plants will be able to utilise light rains falling on relatively dry soil. They will soon suffer moisture stress if further rains do not fall.

Subsoil (B) Horizons
  • The dense and coarsely structured subsoil is strongly sodic and dispersive and will restrict water and root movement down the profile.
  • The high levels of exchangeable sodium in the subsoil may also result in nutrient imbalances and may even have a toxic effect on some plants.
  • The dispersive subsoil is highly erodible if exposed to raindrop impact. Maintaining a protective cover of surface soil and vegetation is important, especially on sloping land.
  • Soluble salt levels become high in the deeper subsoil (from 55 cm depth).

Profile Described By: Mark Imhof, David Rees, Sonia Thompson (October 1994).
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