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Winnindoo (Wi)

Geology

Late Pleistocene alluvial sediments.


Landform

Backplain of a stagnant alluvial plain. Topographically, it occurs adjoining the
Stratford map unit.

Original Vegetation

Skene and Walbran (1949) refer to the areas mapped as Winnindoo loam and Winnindoo clay loam and are low-lying red gum woodlands.
Map: Winnindoo Map Unit
MAP: Winnindoo soil map unit

Previous Maps and Reports

Skene and Walbran (1948, 1949) mapped these soils in extensive detail. Aldrick et al. (1992) included these soils into the Valencia Land System and Ward (1977) placed most of them from the Sale area into the Meerlieu soil association.

Soils

The surface soils are usually dark greyish brown loams to fine sandy clay loams with a sporadically bleached sub-surface. At about 20 cm depth there is an abrupt change to a mottled medium to heavy clay with yellowish brown and greyish brown colours dominating. Medium to heavy clays continue to at least 1 m. The soils are generally classified as Yellow or Grey
Sodosols using the Australian Soil Classification.

Chemical and Physical Analysis

Analyses are provided below for Soil Pit
Site GP37 and Site GP61. Skene and Walbran (1948,1949) provided analyses for four locations on this mapping unit and profile 59 from Aldrick et al. (1992) from one other location.

The pH’s of the surface soils were generally found to be around 6.0 and with depth, the soils become strongly alkaline. The surface soils from pits GP37, GP61 and profile 59 are more acidic but all except GP61 become strongly alkaline with depth.

GP37. Soil Pit Site (Sargeant and Imhof, 2000)
Depth
cm
TexturepHEC
dS/m
Cl
%
Carbon
%
Ca meq%Mg meq%K meq%Na meq%H
meq%
ESP
%
Gravel
%
Coarse
sand
%
Fine
sand %
Silt
%
Clay
%
0-10L,FS5.70.182.72.51.81.40.4616461914
10-20FSL5.20.211.41.50.70.4414482115
20-50MC7.30.182.37.10.62.1181331735
50-90MC8.50.350.041.87.60.63.1249301842
90+MC8.80.510.06


GP61. Soil Pit Site (Sargeant and Imhof, 2000).
Depth
cm
TexturepHEC
dS/m
Cl
%
Nitrogen %Carbon
%
Ca meq%Mg meq%K meq%Na meq%H
meq%
ESP
%
Coarse
sand
%
Fine
sand %
Silt
%
Clay
%
LAT
%
0-5L5.10.400.040.323.36.61.91.20.113.01123618212
5-20FSCL5.00.093.12.20.60.25.62104121241
20-40LMC6.10.072.33.80.30.51.36113719311
40-60MC6.40.222.66.70.31.63.91193115421
60-90MC6.20.470.072.16.90.31.13.9872816461
90+MC5.50.770.111.57.10.21.74.511

Winnindoo loam, (Skene and Walbran, 1948)
Depth
cm
TexturepHEC
dS/m
Cl
%
Nitrogen %Carbon
%
Coarse
sand
%
Fine
sand
%
Silt
%
Clay
%
LAT
%
0-5L6.10.04.0040.1442.01283027144
5-13SCL6.30.04.004272827143
13-23LC6.70.11.012281624273
23-36HC7.30.30.03814725495
36-74MC8.20.56.08592818384
74-97MC8.60.80.12631821535
97-137LMC8.60.55.08812922444
137-155LC8.70.44.06623918374
155191FSC8.70.39.06014617323

Winnindoo loam (Skene and Walbran, 1948)
Depth
cm
TexturepHEC
dS/m
Cl
%
Nitrogen %Carbon
%
Ca meq%Mg meq%K meq%Na meq%ESP
%
Gravel
%
Coarse
sand
%
Fine
sand %
Silt
%
Clay
%
LAT
%
0-13L6.30.05.0030.1171.541.51.70.30.2114821164
13-28CL6.60.05.0043154320213
28-41MC6.90.10.0119153419314
43-86MC6.90.58.0871.28.00.42.420382920432
86-114HC7.50.76.1141.010.90.54.125151916545
114-160HC7.90.70.108141518585

Winnindoo clay loam, (Skene and Walbran, 1948)
Depth
cm
TexturepHEC
dS/m
Cl
%
Nitrogen %Carbon
%
Ca meq%Mg meq%K
meq%
Na meq%H
meq%
Coarse
sand
%
Fine
sand
%
Silt
%
Clay
%
LAT
%
0-7CL5.90.14.0050.2303.403.53.10.80.231846251
7-15CL6.00.05.0042.12.60.50.241945261
15-30HC6.10.05.0042.26.00.30.74925552
30-54HC5.90.07.0063621652
54-131HC5.50.18.0285921602
149-193HC7.30.19.027132012501

Winnindoo clay loam, (Skene and Walbran, 1949)
Depth
cm
TexturepHEC
dS/m
Cl
%
Ca meq%
Mg meq%
K
meq
%
Na meq%
H
meq%
Coarse
sand
%
Fine
sand
%
Silt
%
Clay
%
LAT
%
0-8CL5.90.15.0303.63.60.20.682242231
8-18LC5.60.17.04142039311
20-61HC5.50.89.2711.78.30.11.821129532
61-81HC5.41.21.332<1829572
81-122HC6.60.92.262<1531571

Profile 59, Valencia 1, (Aldrick
et al., 1992)
Depth
cm
TexturepHEC
dS/m
Cl
%
Nitrogen %Carbon
%
Ca meq%
Mg meq%
K meq%
Na meq%
H
meq%
ESP
%
Gravel
%
Coarse
sand
%
Fine
sand %
Silt
%
Clay
%
0-5FSL5.20.10.0100.394.882.32.40.70.315.9199362422
10-20CL5.70.04.0030.0710.731.31.40.40.26.12212423015
20-30HC6.10.06.0040.0520.371.94.20.70.46.33212342330
90-120MC8.60.49.0562.39.70.33.31.020<1232948

The following abbreviations are used to describe field texture: S - sand; LS - loamy sand; ClS - clayey sand; SL - sandy loam; L - loam; CL - clay loam; SCL - sandy clay loam; SC - sandy clay; FSCL - fine sandy clay loam; FSC - fine sandy clay; LC - light clay; MC - medium clay; HC - heavy clay; GR - gravel; ZL - silty loam; ZCL - silty clay loam; ZLC - silty light clay; ZMC - silty medium clay.

Particle size distribution data given for Skene and Walbran (1948, 1949) does not include the water content of the soil. As a result the coarse sand, fine sand, silt, clay and loss on acid treatment (LAT) may not add up to 100%. Aldrick et al. (1992) does not provide LAT data.

Other symbols include: pH - analysed in water; EC - electrical conductivity; Cl - chloride; Ca - exchangeable calcium; Mg - exchangeable magnesium, K - exchangeable potassium; Na - exchangeable sodium; H - exchangeable hydrogen; ESP - exchangeable sodium percentage.

For Soil Pit Sites (Sargeant and Imhof, 2000) exchangeable cations have been determined using Gilman method (where pH >7) and Tucker method (pH <7). Exchangeable Sodium % (ESP) has been calculated here as the percentage of sodium in relation to the sum of the exchangeable basic cations.

Land Use

Both dryland grazing and irrigation are carried out on these soils.


PHOTO: Winnindoo mapping unit landscape
Winnindoo mapping unit. Note Snake Ridge in the background
(Coongulla mapping unit) which was uplifted along the Snake Ridge fault.


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