Invasiveness Assessment - Yellow hawkweed (Hieracium pratense) in Victoria (Nox)
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Plant invasiveness is determined by evaluating a plant’s biological and ecological characteristics against criteria that encompass establishment requirements, growth rate and competitive ability, methods of reproduction, and dispersal mechanisms.
| Each characteristic, or criterion, is assessed against a list of intensity ratings. Depending upon information found, a rating of Low, Medium Low, Medium High or High is assigned to that criterion. Where no data is available to answer a criterion, a rating of medium (M) is applied. A description of the invasiveness criteria and intensity ratings used in this process can be viewed here. |
The following table provides information on the invasiveness of Yellow hawkweed.
A more detailed description of the methodology of the Victorian Weed Risk Assessment (WRA) method can be viewed below:
Victorian Weed Risk Assessment (WRA) method (PDF - 630 KB)
Victorian Weed Risk Assessment (WRA) method (DOC - 1 MB)
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Common Name: Yellow Hawkweed
Scientific name: Hieracium pratense
| Question | Comments | Reference | Rating |
| Establishment | |||
| Germination requirements? | See H. aurantiacum. See also Carson & Pickett (1990) CAB abstract. |  | MH |
| Establishment requirements? | See H. aurantiacum. Forest infestations occur in Idaho. “While most apparent in open areas, forest infestations prevent natural seeding of trees & native plants.” | HACI (1999) | MH |
| How much disturbance is required? | See H. aurantiacum. See also above. | | MH |
| Growth/Competitive | |||
| Life form? | Perennial herb. Creeping stolons / runners. Geophyte. | AQIS (1996) Callihan et al (1997) Muenscher (1955) | ML |
| Allelopathic properties? | Pollen allelopathy unlikely to affect other species. Minor properties likely as allelopathy is notable among other plants of this genus. | Murphy & Aarssen (1995) CAB abstract | ML |
| Tolerates herb pressure? | See H. aurantiacum. | | MH |
| Normal growth rate? | See H. aurantiacum. Also see Toney et al (1998) CAB abstract | | H |
| Stress tolerance to frost, drought, w/logg, sal. etc? | Frost (occurs in south island of New Zealand). Also likely drought tolerant. | Callihan et al (1997) Webb et al (1988) Carson & Pickett (1990) | MH |
| Reproduction | |||
| Reproductive system | See H. pilosella. | Muenscher (1955) Callihan et al (1997) | H |
| Number of propagules produced? | See H. aurantiacum. | | ML |
| Propagule longevity? | See H. aurantiacum. | | L |
| Reproductive period? | See H. pilosella. | | H |
| Time to reproductive maturity? | See H. aurantiacum. | | MH |
| Dispersal | |||
| Number of mechanisms? | See H. pilosella. | | H |
| How far do they disperse? | See H. aurantiacum. | | MH |
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