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Aitchison, G.D. (1956). Some preliminary studies of unsaturated soils. (a) The circumstances of unsaturated in soils with particular reference to the Australian environment. Proc. 2nd Australian-New Zealand Conference on Soil Mechanics. Christchurch, 1956, pp. 173-91.

Aitchison, G.D. (1971). Soil aridity during occasional drought in South-Eastern Australia. Proc. Symp. Soils and Earth Structures in Arid Climates. Adelaide. 1971 Inst. Eng. Aust. pp 92-97.

Betteny, E. and Churchward, H.M. (1974). Morphology and stratigraphic relationships of the Wiluna Hardpan in arid Western Australia. J. Geol. Soc. Aust. 21:73-80.

Bowler, J.M., Hope, G.S., Jennings, J.N., Singh, G. and Walker, D. (1976). Late Quaternary climates of Australia and New Guinea. Quat. Res. 6: 359-94.

Brewer, R., Betteny, E. and Churchward, H.M. (1972). Some aspects of the origin and development of the red and brown hardpan soils of Bullo Downs. CSIRO Aust. Div. Soils. Tech. Paper No 13.

Bryant, R.B. (1989). Physical procession of fragipan formation. In 'Fragipans: Their Occurrence, Classification, and Genesis.' (Eds.N.E. Smeck and E.J. Ciolkosz). pp. 141-150. Soil Sci.Soc.Am. Special Pub. No. 24.

Butler, B.E. (1958). Depositional systems of the Riverine Plain of south-eastern Australia in relation to soils. CSIRO Aust. Soil Pub. No. 10.

Callender, J.H. (1978). A study of the silcretes near Marilan and Milton, New South Wales. In:'Silcrete in Australia.'(Ed.T.Langford-Smith). pp.209-21. (Univ. New England: Armadale, NSW).

Chartres, C.J. (1985). A preliminary investigation of hardpan horizons in North-West New South Wales. Aust. J. Soil. Res. 23: 325-37.

Chartres, C.J. and Costin, A.B. (1981). Buried soil cracks in alluvium near Braidwood, NSW. Aust. J. Soil. Res 19: 255-63.

Chartres, C.J. and Fitzgerald, J.D. (1990). Properties of siliceous cements in some Australian soil and saprolites. In:'Soil Micromorphology.' (Ed.L.A. Douglas). pp.199-205. (Elsevier Science Publishers: Amsterdam).

Chartres, C.J., Kirby, J.M. and Raupach, M. (1990). Poorly ordered silica and alumino-silicates as temporary cementing agents in hard-setting soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54:1060-67.

Chartres, C.J. and Norton, L.D. (1994). Micromorphological and chemical properties of some Australian soils with hard-setting and duric horizons. In:'Soil Mircomorphology: Studies in management and genesis.' (Eds. A.J. Ringrose-Voase and G.Humphreys). Developments in Soil Science 22. (Elsevier: Amsterdam).

Cockcroft, B. (1965). Pedology of the Goulburn Valley Area, Victoria. Tech. Bull. Dept. Agric. Vic. No. 19.

Crampton, C.B. (1985). Compacted soil horizons in Western Canada. In:'Soils and Geomorphology. (Ed. P.O. Jungerius). pp. 85-93. Catena Supplement 6 (Braunschweig).

Fitzpatrick, E.A. (1956). An indurated soil horizon formed by permafrost. J. Soil Sci. 7:248-57.

Galloway, R.W. (1965). Late Quaternary climates in Australia. J. Geol. 73: 603-18.

Jha, P.P. and Cline, M.G. (1963). Morphology and genesis of a Sol Brun Acide with fragipan in uniform silty material. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 27: 339-44.

King, R.L. (1979). Albury 1: 50 000 Geological Map. Geol. Survey Vic. (Mines Dept. Victoria: Melbourne).

King, R.L. (1982). Yackandandah 1: 50 000 Geological Map. Geol. Survey Vic. (Mines Dept. Victoria: Melbourne).

Lamplugh, G.W. (1902). Calcrete. Geol. Mag. 9: 575.



Langford-Smith, T.(Ed.) (1978). "Silcrete in Australia." (Univ. New England: Armadale, NSW).

Lorimer, M.S. and Rowan, J.N. (1982). A Study of the Land in the Catchment of the Avoca River. Soil Cons. Authority Vic. Tech. Comm. No. 15.

Lorimer, M.S and Schoknecht, N.R. (1987). A Study of the Land in the Campaspe River Catchment. Soil Conservation Authority Victoria. Tech. Comm. 18.

Milnes, A.R and Twidale, C.R. (1983). An overview of silicification in Cainozoic landscapes of arid central and southern Australia. Aust. J. Soil Res. 21: 387-410.

Milnes. A.R., Wright, M.J. and Thiry, M. (1991). Silica accumulation in saprolites and soils in South Australia. In: 'Occurrence, Characteristics and the Genesis of Carbonate, Gypsum and Silica Accumulations in Soils'. Soil Sci. Soc. America. Special Publication 26.

O'Shea, P.J. (1976). Explanatory Notes on the Hume 1:50 000 Geological Map. Mines Dept. Victoria, Melbourne. Geological Survey Report 1976/5.

O'Shea, P.J. (1979). Hume 1:50 000 Geological Map. Geological Survey Victoria. (Mines Department Victoria: Melbourne).

Rowe, R.K. (1994). The Influence of Quaternary Aridity on Soils of Non-arid Regions: A Case-study of Soils in the Tallangatta Area of South-eastern Australia. (unpublished Ph.D thesis: Monash University, Victoria).

Smeck, N.E., Thompson, M.L., Norton, L.D and Shipitalo, M.J. (1989). Weathering Discontinuities: A Key to Fragipan Development. In: 'Fragipans: Their Occurrence, Classification and Genesis'. (Eds. N.E Smeck and E.J Coilkosz). pp. 99-112. Soil Science Society America, Special Publication No. 24.

Soil Survey Staff. (1990). Keys to Soil Taxonomy (4th edn.). Soil Management Support Services. U.S. Dept. Agric. Tech. Monograph No. 19.

Stephens, C.G. (1961). The soil landscapes of Australia. CSIRO AUST. Soil. Pub. No. 18.

Van Dijk, D.C. and Beckman, G.C. (1978). The Yuleda hardpan, and its relationship to soil geomorphic history, in the Yuleba-Tara region, Southeast Queensland. In 'Silcrete in Australia.' (Ed. T. Langford-Smith). pp. 73-91. (Univ. New England: Armadale, NSW).

Williams, M.A.J. (1984). Cenozoic evolution of arid Australia. In 'Arid Australia.'(Eds.H.G. Cogger and E.E. Cameron). p. 59-78. (Australian Museum: Sydney).

Williamson, W.O. (1957). Silicified sedimentary rocks in Australia. Am .J. Sci. 255: 23-42.



Site: References
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TitlepHSalinity RatingSodicityDispersion
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(B21 horizon)
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(at cm)
Surface (at cm)
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pHSalinitySodicityClayBoronAluminiumCoarse Sand
Chemical Analysis:
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g/100g
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mg/kg
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g/cm3
Field Capacity
pF2.5 w/w g/g %
Wilting Point pF4.2 w/w g/g %Coarse Sand
(0.02-2.0mm) %
Fine Sand (0.02-0.2mm) %Silt (0.02-0.002mm)
%
Clay (<0.002mm) %Gravel %
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