GN36

Location: Kyabram

Australian Soil Classification: Vertic, Calcic, Red CHROMOSOL * (Former gypsum site)

Great Soil Group: Red-brown Earth
Northcote Factual Key: Dr

General Landscape Description: Level plain (with prior streams).
Site Description: Kyabram Research Farm, pasture trials (Bay 0). Former gypsum site.
Geology: Quaternary prior stream deposits (Shepparton Formation).

GN36 Landscape

Soil Profile Morphology:

Surface Soil

A11	0-10 cm	Brown (7.5YR4/4); fine sandy clay loam; weak-moderate coarse blocky, parting to medium blocky structure; very firm consistence dry; pH 6.6; clear change to:	GN36 Profile
A12	10-16 cm	Reddish brown (5YR4/4); fine sandy clay loam; moderate coarse sub-angular blocky, parting to strong fine to very fine polyhedral structure; very firm consistence dry; pH 6.4; abrupt change to:
Subsoil
B21	16-55 cm	Dark red (2.5YR4/8); heavy clay; weak prismatic, parting to strong coarse blocky, parting to moderate medium sub-angular blocky structure; shiny ped faces; some slickensides and cracking present; strong consistence dry; macropores common; roots visible; pH 7.1; gradual change to:
B22	55-80 cm	Reddish brown (5YR4/4); medium heavy clay; strong consistence slightly moist; slickensides present; pH 8.0; clear change to:
B31	80-110 cm	Yellowish brown (10YR5/4); medium heavy clay (fine sandy); moderate strong blocky, parting to moderate medium to fine sub-angular blocky structure; strong to very strong consistence moist; few (2%) carbonate nodules (2-4 mm in size) as well as soft carbonate; pH 8.6; gradual change to:
B32	110-150 cm	Yellowish brown (10YR5/4) with red (2.5YR5/6) mottles; few (5%) variable soft coarse (6-8 mm) manganese segregations; pH 9.0.

Soil Profile Characteristics:

	pH	Salinity Rating	Sodicity	Dispersion
Surface Soil (A11 horizon)	Slightly Acid	Very Low	Non-Sodic	None
Upper Subsoil (B21 horizon)	Slightly Alkaline	Very Low	Non-Sodic	None
Deep Subsoil (at 110-150 cm)	Very Strongly Alkaline	Very Low	Sodic	Strong-Complete

GN36 graphs — **Horizon**
**Horizon Depth**
**(cm)**
pH
**(water)**
pH
**(CaCl**₂)
EC
**dS/m**
**Sodium Chloride**
%
**Exchangeable Cations**

Ca
Mg
K
Na

**meq/100g**

**A11**
**0-10**
6.6
6.1
1.4 *
<0.01
14 *
1.2
0.6
<0.01

**A12**
**10-16**
6.4
6.1
0.83 *
<0.01
9.7 *
0.8
0.5
<0.01

**B21**
**16-55**
7.1
7.1
0.70 *
<0.01
11 *
7.3
0.7
0.3

**B22**
**55-80**
8.0
8.0
0.66 *
0.01
10 *
15
0.8
2.4

**B31**
**80-110**
8.6
8.1
0.74 *
5.0 *
15
0.6
4.6

**B32**
**110-150**
9.0
8.9
0.14 *
5.1 *
13
0.84
3.6

NOTE: * Former gypsum site so the chemistry will not be representative of a typical soil profile in this area.

**Horizon**
**Horizon Depth**
**(cm)**
Organic Carbon
%
Nitrogen
%
**Exchangeable Aluminium (KCL)**
**mg/kg**
Exchangeable Acidity
meq/100g
**Field Capacity**
**pF 2.5**
**Wilting Point**
**pF 4.2**
**Coarse Sand**
**(0.2-2.0 mm)**
**Fine Sand**
**(0.02-0.2 mm)**
**Silt**
**(0.002-0.02 mm)**
**Clay**
**(<0.002 mm)**

**A11**
**0-10**
2.3
0.16
3.6
31.3
22.0
2
29
35
31

**A12**
**10-16**
<10
3.0
24.8
14.6
1
32
37
26

**B21**
**16-55**
2.9
32.1
18.6
0
13
13
59

**B22**
**55-80**
<1.0
34.0
19.1
0
10
25
57

**B31**
**80-110**

**B32**
**110-150**

**Profile Described By**: Mark Imhof, Austin Brown, Nathan Robinson and Sonia Thompson (June 2005).

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Horizon	Horizon Depth (cm)	pH (water)	pH (CaCl₂)	EC dS/m	Sodium Chloride %	Exchangeable Cations
						Ca	Mg	K	Na
						meq/100g
A11	0-10	6.6	6.1	1.4 *	<0.01	14 *	1.2	0.6	<0.01
A12	10-16	6.4	6.1	0.83 *	<0.01	9.7 *	0.8	0.5	<0.01
B21	16-55	7.1	7.1	0.70 *	<0.01	11 *	7.3	0.7	0.3
B22	55-80	8.0	8.0	0.66 *	0.01	10 *	15	0.8	2.4
B31	80-110	8.6	8.1	0.74 *		5.0 *	15	0.6	4.6
B32	110-150	9.0	8.9	0.14 *		5.1 *	13	0.84	3.6

Horizon	Horizon Depth (cm)	Organic Carbon %	Nitrogen %	Exchangeable Aluminium (KCL) mg/kg	Exchangeable Acidity meq/100g	Field Capacity pF 2.5	Wilting Point pF 4.2	Coarse Sand (0.2-2.0 mm)	Fine Sand (0.02-0.2 mm)	Silt (0.002-0.02 mm)	Clay (<0.002 mm)


A11	0-10	2.3	0.16		3.6	31.3	22.0	2	29	35	31
A12	10-16			<10	3.0	24.8	14.6	1	32	37	26
B21	16-55				2.9	32.1	18.6	0	13	13	59
B22	55-80				<1.0	34.0	19.1	0	10	25	57
B31	80-110
B32	110-150