EGC221

Location: Lake Tyers

Australian Soil Classification: Bleached Sodic, Magnesic, Brown KUROSOL

Map Unit: Waygara
Previous Site Name: EG221

General Landscape Description: Undulating rises
Site description: Simple upper slope 2%, north east aspect
Land Use: Grazing
Native Vegetation: Lowland forest
Geology: Neogene sediments (Late Tertiary)

Soils and landforms of Far East Gippsland - Waygara EG221 landscape

Soil Profile Morphology:

Surface soil
A1	0 – 20/30 cm	Dark greyish brown (10YR4/2); sandy loam; weak medium (10 – 20 mm) polyhedral structure; firm moist; clear wavy change to:
A2	20/30 – 50/35 cm	Pale brown (10YR6/3) conspicuously bleached (10YR/8/1d); sandy loam or loamy sand; apedal, single grain; firm consistence dry; sharp change to:
Subsoil
B21	50/35 – 80 cm	Yellowish brown (10YR5/6); heavy clay; moderate coarse (20 – 50 mm) polyhedral structure; strong consistence moist; diffuse change to:
B22	80 – 110 cm	Yellowish brown (10YR5/6) with greyish brown (10YR5/2) and increasing yellowish red (5YR5/6) mottles; heavy clay; moderate coarse (20 – 50 mm) lenticular structure; strong consistence moist.

Key Profile Features:

Strong texture contrast between the surface (A) horizons and the subsoil (B) horizons
Conspicuously bleached subsurface (A2) horizon.

Soil Profile Characteristics:

-	pH	Salinity	Sodicity	Dispersion
Surface soil (A1 horizon)	Moderately acid	Non sodic	Water stable	Nil (2 hours), Nil (20 hours)
Subsoil (B21 horizon)	Strongly acid	Sodic	Partial	Slight (2 hours), Slight (20 hours)
Deeper subsoil (80-110 cm)	Strongly acid	Strongly sodic	Considerable	Nil (2 hours), Nil (20 hours)

Chemical and Physical Analysis:

Horizon	Horizon Depth (cm)	pH (water)	pH (CaCl₂)	EC dS/m	Organic Carbon %	Total Nitrogen %	Exchangeable Aluminium ppm	Exchangeable Acididty meq/100g	Exchangeable Cations				Coarse Sand (0.2-2.0 mm) %	Fine Sand (0.02-0.2 mm) %	Silt (0.002-0.02 mm) %	Clay (<0.002 mm) %	Field Capacity % w/w	Wilting Point % w/w
									Ca	Mg	K	Na
									meq/100g
A1	0-20/30	5.9	4.6	0.06	2.9	0.16	22	10.0	3.3	1.3	1	0.27	43	29	11	8	12.9	5.7
A2	20/30-50/35	5.3	4.1	<0.05	0.57	<0.05	74	3.6	0.51	0.33	0.15	0.12	48	29	12	6	13.9	3.0
B21	50/35-80	5.0	4.0	<0.05	0.49	<0.05	530	13.0	0.67	5.6	0.51	1.3	12	14	13	59	39.2	22.3
B22	80-110	5.4	4.4	<0.05	0.37	<0.05	110	8.0	0.21	9.9	0.32	3.2	15	13	15	54	36.5	20.8

Management Considerations

Whole Profile

The plant available water capacity of the soil is considered to be low (estimated at 54 mm) for the top 50 cm of the soil profile.
The dense and coarsely structured subsoil is likely to restrict root movement.

Surface (A) Horizons

The sand surface horizons are very well draining but have a low water storage capacity. The low wilting points (i.e. 5.7 and 3.0) indicate plants will be able to utilise light rains falling on dry soil. However, due to the low water storage capacity, plants will soon suffer moisture stress unless further rain occurs. Organic matter is an important source of nutrient holding capacity as well as enhancing water holding capacity in sandy soils.
The sandy surface soil will also be prone to wind erosion if plant cover is removed where blow-outs can occur.
The surface horizons have a moderate inherent fertility (based on the sum of the exchangeable cations).
The surface soil is quite high in potassium and no response to potassium fertilisers would be expected.

Subsoil (B) Horizon

The dense and coarsely structured upper (B21) subsoil is sodic. This will restrict the downward movement of plant roots and water. The temporary build up of water on top of this less permeable layer may be beneficial for deeper-rooted plants as it prevents deep drainage of water away from plant roots.
Sodic subsoils are typically moderately to strongly dispersive, but here are only slightly dispersive, mainly due to the high exchangeable aluminium.
The upper (B21) subsoil has a relatively moderate inherent fertility throughout (based on the sum of the exchangeable calcium, magnesium and potassium cations). The cations are dominated by exchangeable magnesium which may create nutrient imbalances.
The level of soluble salts is low.

Profile Described By: Heather Adams, Julieanne Sargant and Ian Sargeant, June 2009.

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