SW56

Location: Cooriemungle.

Australian Soil Classification: Melacic, Humic/Sesquic, Semiaquic PODOSOL
Great Soil Group: podzol

General Landscape Description: Convex rise on valley floor within a dissected plain.
Geology: Quaternary alluvium derived from Hanson Plain Sand.
Land Use: Dairy cattle grazing.

SW56 Landscape

A1	0-20 cm	Black (10YR2/1); sandy loam; weak fine to medium polyhedral structure; weak consistence dry; pH 5.1; abrupt and smooth change to:	SW56 Profile. Note: Surface (A) horizon has been stripped from the soil profile.
A2e	20-30/40 cm	Greyish brown (10YR5/2) conspicuously bleached (10YR8/1 dry); fine sandy clay loam; massive; firm consistence dry; pH 4.8; abrupt and wavy change to:
Subsoil
B21h	30/40-35/45 cm	Black (10YR2/1); fine sandy clay loam; massive; clear and wavy change to:
B22s	35/45-80 cm	Olive yellow (2.5Y6/8); fine sandy clay loam; massive; strong consistence dry; pH 5.1; gradual and smooth change to:
B23g	80+ cm	Grey (2.5Y5/1) with yellowish brown (10YR5/8) mottles common; medium clay; medium prismatic, parting to coarse blocky, parting to medium blocky structure; firm to very firm consistence dry; pH 4.9.

• Presence of humic and sesquic horizons in the upper subsoil which has probably developed within an older soil profile i.e. Kurosol.
  

	pH	Salinity Rating	Sodicity	Dispersion
Surface (A1 horizon)	Strongly Acid	Low	Non-Sodic	None
Subsoil (Bs horizon)	Strongly Acid	Very low	Non-Sodic	None
Deeper Subsoil (at 80+ cm)	Very Strongly Acid	Very low	Non-Sodic	None

The surface and upper subsoil is stronglyly acid. The subsoil is very strongly acid.

Salinity rating is low in the surface becoming very low in the subsoil.

Clay content increases markedly at the surface / subsoil boundary.

Exchangeable Aluminium increases to very high levels in the subsoil.

Horizon	Horizon Depth (cm)	pH (water)	pH (CaCl2)	EC (dS/m)	NaCl %	Exchangeable Cations
						Ca	Mg	K	Na
						meq/100g
A1	0-20	5.1	4.6	0.37	0.02	7	0.9	0.7	0.2
A2	20-30/40	4.8	4.1	0.06		0.82	0.11	<0.05	<0.05
Bs	30/40-80	5.1	4.7	0.06		0.35	0.12	0.16	0.06
Bg	80+	4.9	4.1	0.06		0.08	2	0.14	0.2

Horizon	Horizon Depth (cm)	Oxidisable Organic Carbon %	Total Nitrogen %	Exchangeable Aluminium mg/kg	Exchangeable Acidity meq/100g	Field Capacity pF2.5	Wilting Point pF4.2	Coarse Sand (0.2-2.0 mm)	Fine Sand (0.02-0.2 mm)	Silt (0.002-0.02 mm)	Clay (<0.002 mm)
A1	0-20	10.0	0.71	<10	19	43	20	17	38	23	4
A2	20-30/40			<10	2	16	2	11	42	36	5
Bs	30/40-80			110	19			6	27	26	32
Bg	80+			280	12			8	21	27	43

• The strongly to very strongly acid subsoil indicates that aluminium and manganese toxicity may occur. The exchangeable aluminium levels measured in the laboratory are quite high in the subsoil and may affect the growth of aluminium sensitive species.