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SW102

Location: Lara

Australian Soil Classification: Epihypersodic - Endocalcareous, Epidedal Brown VERTOSOL

General Landscape Description: Level plain to very gently undulating plain.
Site Description: Flat elevated position within plain.
Geology: Basalt.


Soil Profile Morphology:


Surface Soil


Ap0-10 cmDark yellowish brown (10YR3/4 moist); yellowish brown (10YR5/4 dry); light clay (fine sandy); pH 6.0; clear and smooth change to:
Image: SW102 Profile
SW102 Profile - Note: Surface stripped from soil profile.
Subsoil

B21t10-30 cmVery dark greyish brown (10YR3/2); medium clay; fine prismatic to blocky structure; pH 8.3; clear and wavy change to:
B22t30-40 cmReddish brown (5YR4/3); medium heavy clay; prismatic parting to angular blocky structure; some slickensides; pH 9.2; clear and wavy change to:
B23k/C40 cm+Soft calcium carbonate (CaCO3); coarse (20-100 mm) fractured angular basalt becoming larger with depth.

Key Profile Features:
  • Coarsely structured surface horizon.
  • Vertic features (slickensides) in subsoil.
  • Calcium carbonate segregations in deeper subsoil.
  • Moderate soil profile depth – overlying weathering verticular basalt.

Soil Profile Characteristics:

pH
Salinity Rating
Surface
(A1 horizon)
Moderately Acid
Low
Sodic
None1
Subsoil
(B21 horizon)
Moderately Alkaline
Low-Medium
Strongly Sodic
Strong-Complete
Deeper Subsoil
(at 30-45 cm)
Very Strongly Alkaline
Medium
Strongly Sodic
Strong-Complete
1 Strong dispersion after remoulding.


Image: SW102 Graphs
The surface is moderately acid. The subsoil is moderately alkaline becoming very strongly alkaline at depth.Salinity rating is low in the surface and upper subsoil becoming moderate in the deeper subsoil.The soil is sodic in the surface and strongly sodic in the subsoil.The clay content is high throughout the profile.

Horizon
Sample Depth
(cm)
pH
(water)
pH
(CaCl2)
EC
1:5
NaCl
%
Exchangeable Cations
Ca
Mg
K
Na
meq/100g
AP
0-10
6
5.1
0.23
3.9
6.2
1.4
2.2
B21
15-30
8.3
7.3
0.44
0.05
6.4
12
2.1
8.4
B22
30-45
9.2
8.6
0.75
0.06
6.4
16
2.3
12

Horizon
Sample Depth
(cm)
Nitrogen
%
Organic Carbon
%
Exchangeable Aluminium
mg/kg
Exchangeable Acidity
meq/100g
Field Capacity
pF2.5
Wilting Point
pF4.2
Coarse Sand
(0.2- 2.0 mm)
Fine Sand
(0.02- 0.2 mm)
Silt
(0.002- 0.02 mm)
Clay
(<0.002 mm)
AP
0-10
0.27
2.8
<10
14
31.3
15.4
9
27
18
38
B21
15-30
57
28.9
5
14
12
64
B22
30-45
62.3
33.9
4
12
13
64


Management Considerations:

Surface (A) Horizons

  • Tillage of cracking clay soils should be avoided if the soil is wet (i.e. wetter than the plastic limit). At such moisture conditions, excessive tillage, trafficking or over stocking could result in structural damage (i.e. compaction, smearing occurring). Tillage and trafficking should take place when the soil is drier than the plastic limit.
  • The surface soil is sodic and disperses completely after remoulding. Care should be taken to avoid disturbing the surface horizon (i.e. trafficking, tillage, over-stocking) when the soil is in a moist condition. Also, raindrop impact on bare soil will exacerbate the hardsetting nature of the soil and will result in surface sealing and/or crust development.
Subsoil (B) Horizons
  • The subsoil is strongly sodic and disperses strongly. This is likely to significantly restrict root and water movement into the subsoil.

Further West from site:
  • Continuing west the soils are as before (dark brown over calcium carbonate (CaCO3) but incidence of slickensides increases as lower ground is reached. Self mulching soil occurs in lower slope and flat (have not been described). Slickensides at greater than 1 m and clay for full depth of trench (2 m).
Image: SW102 Profile variability

Profile Described By:
Richard McEwan (January 1999).
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